Abstract
ABSTRACT: Volunteer corn occurrence with soybean is favored by the glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn cultivation preceding soybean and no-tillage systems. Volunteer corn interference causes significant losses in soybean grain yield. The levels of crop losses change with the corn density, origin, and time of emergence. High levels of weed interference in crops can result in the production of reactive oxygen species and lead to the occurrence of oxidative stress. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of interference of (1) different origins (individual plants and clumps) and times of emergence of volunteer corn on soybean growth, yield components, and grain yield loss; and (2) if the volunteer corn interference causes oxidative stress in soybean. Field experiment and laboratory analyses were performed. The evaluated variables were soybean yield components, grain yield, hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 content, and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase - CAT, and ascorbate peroxidase - APX activities. Volunteer corn interference reduced the yield components and soybean yield. The highest yield losses were observed with volunteer corn clumps regarding individual plants. The interference of volunteer corn emerged 10 days before or on the same day as soybean caused the greater yield losses than those emerged 10 days after, independently of its origin. The content of H2O2 and enzyme SOD, CAT and APX activities changed in soybean leaves in response to the interference of volunteer corn plants and clumps. However, the results indicate that the volunteer corn interferences does not cause oxidative stress in soybean.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer corn interference reduced soybean yield components and grain yield.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Volunteer corn interferencee1
- Interactor
- Volunteer corne1weed
- Outcome
- yield components and soybean yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Soybean Yield and Stress Metabolism”
e1“Volunteer corn interference reduced the yield components and soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield losses were caused by volunteer corn clumps compared with individual plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- volunteer corn clumpse1
- Interactor
- volunteer corne1weed
- Outcome
- yield lossese1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- individual plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Soybean Yield and Stress Metabolism”
e1“The highest yield losses were observed with volunteer corn clumps regarding individual plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer corn emerging 10 days before or on the same day as soybean caused greater yield losses than that emerging 10 days after, regardless of origin.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- emerged 10 days before or on the same day as soybeane1
- Interactor
- volunteer corne1weed
- Outcome
- yield lossese1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- those emerged 10 days aftere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Soybean Yield and Stress Metabolism”
e1“The interference of volunteer corn emerged 10 days before or on the same day as soybean caused the greater yield losses than those emerged 10 days after, independently of its origin”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 content in soybean leaves changed in response to volunteer corn interference.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- the interference of volunteer corn plants and clumpse1
- Interactor
- volunteer corne1weed
- Outcome
- content of H2O2e1
- Direction
- changede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Soybean Yield and Stress Metabolism”
e1“The content of H2O2 and enzyme SOD, CAT and APX activities changed in soybean leaves in response to the interference of volunteer corn plants and clumps”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD, CAT and APX activities in soybean leaves changed in response to volunteer corn interference.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- the interference of volunteer corn plants and clumpse1
- Interactor
- volunteer corne1weed
- Outcome
- SOD, CAT and APX activitiese1
- Direction
- changede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Soybean Yield and Stress Metabolism”
e1“The content of H2O2 and enzyme SOD, CAT and APX activities changed in soybean leaves in response to the interference of volunteer corn plants and clumps”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors indicate that volunteer corn interference does not cause oxidative stress in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- volunteer corn interferencese1
- Interactor
- volunteer corne1weed
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse1
- Direction
- does not causee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on Soybean Yield and Stress Metabolism”
e1“the volunteer corn interferences does not cause oxidative stress in soybean”
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