Abstract
Abstract Many crop plants and perennial weed species have been known for their allelopathic effects. The question of whether annual weed species can be allelopathic remains unanswered. Consequently, studies were conducted in laboratory, greenhouse, and in the field to determine the allelopathic potential of weed and crop residues (above ground biomass) on corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Water extracts of dried residues of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi Herrm.), green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] inhibited radicle elongation in corn; whereas, only common lambsquarters extract reduced coleoptile growth. Redroot pigweed, fall panicum, and green foxtail extracts inhibited hypocotyl elongation in soybeans. Residues of common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisifolia L.), velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.] as well as the above species inhibited corn and soybean growth in the greenhouse. Inhibition of the receiver species (corn and soybeans) was greater with the double‐pot watering method than subsurface and surface watering methods. Corn was inhibited most in silica sand, less in a silica sand and silt loam mixture (Typic Agriudoll fine, silty, mixed mesic), and least in silt loam soil under each method of watering. In the field, residues of barnyardgrass and giant foxtail reduced corn yield. Soybean yield reductions occurred ranging from 14 to 19% with common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, soybeans, and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) residues. Corn and giant foxtail residues enhanced soybean yield in the field. These results demonstrate the allelopathic potential of the residues and suggest that these residues may affect crop yields due to the inhibitory or stimulatory effects of allelochemicals present in the residues.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters extract inhibited corn radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- common lambsquarterse0
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extracts of dried residues of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi Herrm.), green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] inhibited radicle elongation in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed extract inhibited corn radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- redroot pigweede0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extracts of dried residues of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi Herrm.), green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] inhibited radicle elongation in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall panicum extract inhibited corn radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- fall panicume0
- Interactor
- fall panicum
Panicum dichotomiflorume0weed - Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extracts of dried residues of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi Herrm.), green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] inhibited radicle elongation in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant foxtail extract inhibited corn radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- giant foxtaile0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extracts of dried residues of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi Herrm.), green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] inhibited radicle elongation in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Green foxtail extract inhibited corn radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- green foxtaile0
- Interactor
- green foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extracts of dried residues of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi Herrm.), green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] inhibited radicle elongation in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow foxtail extract inhibited corn radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- yellow foxtaile0
- Interactor
- yellow foxtail
Setaria pumilae0weed - Outcome
- radicle elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water extracts of dried residues of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), fall panicum ( Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), giant foxtail ( Setaria faberi Herrm.), green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] inhibited radicle elongation in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters extract reduced corn coleoptile growth.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- common lambsquarters extracte0
- Interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- coleoptile growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only common lambsquarters extract reduced coleoptile growth.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed extract inhibited soybean hypocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Redroot pigweede0
- Interactor
- Redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- hypocotyl elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Redroot pigweed, fall panicum, and green foxtail extracts inhibited hypocotyl elongation in soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall panicum extract inhibited soybean hypocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- fall panicume0
- Interactor
- fall panicumPanicum dichotomiflorume0weed
- Outcome
- hypocotyl elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Redroot pigweed, fall panicum, and green foxtail extracts inhibited hypocotyl elongation in soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Green foxtail extract inhibited soybean hypocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- green foxtaile0
- Interactor
- green foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- hypocotyl elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Redroot pigweed, fall panicum, and green foxtail extracts inhibited hypocotyl elongation in soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Listed weed residues inhibited corn growth in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Residuese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residues of common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisifolia L.), velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.] as well as the above species inhibited corn and soybean growth in the greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
Listed weed residues inhibited soybean growth in the greenhouse.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residues of common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisifolia L.), velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.] as well as the above species inhibited corn and soybean growth in the greenhouse.”
Claim · model-written summary
Double-pot watering produced greater inhibition than subsurface or surface watering.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- double‐pot watering methode0
- Outcome
- Inhibitione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- subsurface and surface watering methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of the receiver species (corn and soybeans) was greater with the double‐pot watering method than subsurface and surface watering methods.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn inhibition was greatest in silica sand and least in silt loam.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- inhibitede0
- Direction
- moste0
- Comparator
- silt loam soile0
- Setting
- silica sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn was inhibited most in silica sand, less in a silica sand and silt loam mixture (Typic Agriudoll fine, silty, mixed mesic), and least in silt loam soil under each method of watering.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass residues reduced corn yield in the field.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- residues of barnyardgrasse0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, residues of barnyardgrass and giant foxtail reduced corn yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant foxtail residues reduced corn yield in the field.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- giant foxtaile0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, residues of barnyardgrass and giant foxtail reduced corn yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and velvetleaf residues reduced soybean yield by 14 to 19%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, velvetleafe0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 14 to 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield reductions occurred ranging from 14 to 19% with common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, soybeans, and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) residues.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean and sunflower residues reduced soybean yield by 14 to 19%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soybeans, and sunflowere0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 14 to 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield reductions occurred ranging from 14 to 19% with common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, soybeans, and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) residues.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn residues enhanced soybean yield in the field.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn and giant foxtail residues enhanced soybean yield in the field.”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant foxtail residues enhanced soybean yield in the field.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- giant foxtail residuese0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn and giant foxtail residues enhanced soybean yield in the field.”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 5 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.