Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate efficiency of biological and chemical control methods against citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae), caused important economic losses in the east Mediterranean region of Turkey. It was investigated at 23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011. Chloropyrifos-ethyl, spirotetramat, summer oil and biological control agents (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Leptomastix dactylopii How. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were applied under grower conditions against mealybug. Percent infestation rate of mealybug was determined on random samples of 5 fruits per tree, examining presence or absence of mealybug, i.e. totally 150 fruits per orchard. Biological control agents were sampled by a strike technique. The mealybug density differences among the applied methods were analyzed to compare the average mealybug infestation rate in insecticide and biological control applied orchards, and it was different insignificantly. While the lowest infestation rate was at summer oil (% 5.91); spirotetramat (% 6.88), chloropyriphos-ethyl (%7.69) and biological control (% 8.66) followed it. The highest average number of natural enemies for each treatment was determined as 20.57 individuals, of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), C. montrouzieri, and Scymnus spp. in orchards biological control application used, followed by summer oil sprayed orchards as 4.25 individuals, of C. carnea and Scymnus spp., and spirotetramat sprayed orchards as 2.67 individuals per orchard, of C. carnea and Scymnus spp. It is determined that summer oil and spirotetramat are compatible with natural enemies. However, chorpyrifos-ethyl was incompatible, due to side effects on natural enemies. Because of possibility of phytoxicity effect of summer oil in hot weather condition; spirotetramat has a chance in IPM application for managing citrus mealybug.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mealybug infestation rate did not differ significantly between insecticide-treated and biologically controlled orchards.
- Treatment
- biological controle0
- Outcome
- average mealybug infestation ratee0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Comparator
- insecticidee0
- Setting
- Finike county of Antalyae1
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“to compare the average mealybug infestation rate in insecticide and biological control applied orchards, and it was different insignificantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer oil orchards had the lowest infestation rate, 5.91%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“While the lowest infestation rate was at summer oil (% 5.91)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirotetramat orchards had an infestation rate of 6.88%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“While the lowest infestation rate was at summer oil (% 5.91); spirotetramat (% 6.88)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos-ethyl orchards had an infestation rate of 7.69%.
- Treatment
- chloropyriphos-ethyle0
- Outcome
- infestation ratee0
- Value
- %7.69e0
- Setting
- Finike county of Antalyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“While the lowest infestation rate was at summer oil (% 5.91); spirotetramat (% 6.88), chloropyriphos-ethyl (%7.69)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological control orchards had an infestation rate of 8.66%.
- Treatment
- biological controle0
- Outcome
- infestation ratee0
- Value
- % 8.66e0
- Setting
- Finike county of Antalyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“While the lowest infestation rate was at summer oil (% 5.91); spirotetramat (% 6.88), chloropyriphos-ethyl (%7.69) and biological control (% 8.66)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological control orchards had the highest average number of natural enemies, 20.57 individuals, mainly Chrysoperla carnea, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Scymnus spp.
- Treatment
- biological control applicatione0
- Outcome
- average number of natural enemiese0
- Value
- 20.57 individualse0
- Setting
- Finike county of Antalyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“The highest average number of natural enemies for each treatment was determined as 20.57 individuals, of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), C. montrouzieri, and Scymnus spp. in orchards biological control application used”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer oil sprayed orchards had 4.25 natural enemy individuals per orchard (C. carnea and Scymnus spp.).
- Treatment
- summer oile0
- Outcome
- average number of natural enemiese0
- Value
- 4.25 individualse0
- Setting
- Finike county of Antalyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“The highest average number of natural enemies for each treatment was determined as 20.57 individuals, of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), C. montrouzieri, and Scymnus spp. in orchards biological control application used, followed by summer oil sprayed orchards as 4.25 individuals”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirotetramat sprayed orchards had 2.67 natural enemy individuals per orchard (C. carnea and Scymnus spp.).
- Treatment
- spirotetramate0
- Outcome
- average number of natural enemiese0
- Value
- 2.67 individualse0
- Setting
- Finike county of Antalyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“The highest average number of natural enemies for each treatment was determined as 20.57 individuals, of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), C. montrouzieri, and Scymnus spp. in orchards biological control application used, followed by summer oil sprayed orchards as 4.25 individuals, of C. carnea and Scymnus spp., and spirotetramat sprayed orchards as 2.67 individuals”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer oil is compatible with natural enemies.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“It is determined that summer oil and spirotetramat are compatible with natural enemies”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirotetramat is compatible with natural enemies.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“It is determined that summer oil and spirotetramat are compatible with natural enemies”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos-ethyl was incompatible with natural enemies because of side effects.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“chorpyrifos-ethyl was incompatible, due to side effects on natural enemies”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirotetramat has potential in IPM for managing citrus mealybug.
- Treatment
- spirotetramate0
- Outcome
- IPM application for managing citrus mealybuge0
- Setting
- Finike county of Antalyae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“23 different citrus orchards in Finike county of Antalya in 2011”
e0“spirotetramat has a chance in IPM application for managing citrus mealybug”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · pest · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.