Abstract
An investigation was undertaken during rabi-summer season of 2016-17 in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar to study the efficiency of some osmoprotectants in mitigating high temperature stress by improving growth, seed yield and quality of rice cv. Naveen. The field experiment was conducted in Split Plot Design, with three replications. The main plot factor was three dates of sowing (D 1 – 30 th November, D 2 – 15 th December and D 3 – 30 th December). The sub-plot factor was foliar spray of chemicals at vegetative and seed filling stages: Control (T 0 ), 600 ppm Glycine betaine (T 1 ), 400 ppm Salicylic acid (T 2 ), 800 ppm Salicylic acid (T 3 ), 10 ppm Ascorbic acid + 1.3% Citric acid (T 4 ), 150 ppm α-Tocopherol (T 5 ), 1.0% Potassium chloride (T 6 ), 5 ppm Brassinolides (T 7 ) and 10 ppm Brassinolides (T 8 ). Observations on various phenological, seed yield and quality parameters were recorded. With advancement in sowing time, there was significant decrease in the chlorophyll content of leaves. The chlorophyll content of leaves after two days of spraying as slightly higher than that prior to spraying in all the treatments. Maximum chlorophyll content was recorded with spray treatment of 800 ppm salicylic acid at both the stages of observation. Significantly higher pollen viability and seed set were recorded with first date of sowing (D 1 ), compared to second and third dates of sowing (D 2 and D 3 , respectively). Among the treatments, pollen viability was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides and 400 ppm salicylic acid. Seed set was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides and 800 ppm salicylic acid. With advancement in sowing time, there was decrease in membrane stability index of leaves. The MSI of leaves after two days of spraying was slightly higher than that prior to spraying in all treatments. Maximum MSI was recorded with spray treatment of 400 ppm salicylic acid (T 2 ) during vegetative and seed filling stages. The treatments T 2 , T 4 and T 8 produced highest increase in MSI compared to that before spraying during both stages. Higher seed yield was obtained from D 1 , compared to delayed sowing. Mean seed yield from D 1 was 53.76 q/ha, as against 48.99 q/ha and 44.51 q/ha from D 2 and D 3 , respectively. Spraying of 800 ppm salicylic acid and 10 ppm brassinolides gave highest seed yields from each date of sowing. Seed yields from D 3 T 0 and D 2 T 0 (35.33 q/ha and 39.72 q/ha, respectively) were significantly lower than all treatment combinations, including D 1 T 0 (51.83 q/ha). Increase in seed yields due to various treatments as against the control was more pronounced in D 2 and D 3 . The first date of sowing (D 1 ) produced seeds with higher 1000-seed weight (22.62 g), compared to D 2 and D 3 (20.27 g and 19.36 g, respectively). Among the treatments, higher 1000-seed weights were recorded with the treatments T 3 and T 8 (21.51 g and 21.43 g, respectively), while lowest 1000-seed weight (18.76 g) was recorded with the Control. Seeds produced from D 1 recorded higher germination and seed vigour. All the treatments recorded improvement in germination and vigour of seeds with three dates of sowing. Treatments T 3 , T 7 and T 8 gave highest improvement in seed germination over control. Under accelerated ageing treatment, T 3 recorded highest germination followed by T 8 . Dates of sowing and treatment sprays had no influence on electrical conductivity of seed leachate. Hence, the present study demonstrated that foliar sprays at vegetative and seed filling stages with 800 ppm salicylic acid or 10 ppm ascorbic acid + 1.3% citric acid or 10 ppm brassinolides were quite effective in alleviating adverse effects of high temperature during flowering and seed set, through increased chlorophyll content of leaves, improved membrane stability, higher pollen viability and seed set, thus improving seed yield and quality of rice.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Later sowing significantly reduced rice leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- advancement in sowing timee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content of leavese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With advancement in sowing time, there was significant decrease in the chlorophyll content of leaves.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll was slightly higher two days after sprays across treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sprayinge0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content of leavese0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Qualifier
- all the treatmentse0
- Comparator
- prior to sprayinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll content of leaves after two days of spraying as slightly higher than that prior to spraying in all the treatments.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 800 ppm salicylic acid spray gave maximum chlorophyll at both observation stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 800 ppm salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Qualifier
- both the stages of observatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum chlorophyll content was recorded with spray treatment of 800 ppm salicylic acid at both the stages of observation.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
First sowing produced significantly higher pollen viability and seed set than the later dates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- first date of sowing (D 1 )e0
- Outcome
- pollen viability and seed sete0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- second and third dates of sowing (D 2 and D 3 , respectively)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher pollen viability and seed set were recorded with first date of sowing (D 1 ), compared to second and third dates of sowing (D 2 and D 3 , respectively).”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen viability was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 ppm brassinolidese0
- Outcome
- pollen viabilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the treatments, pollen viability was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides and 400 ppm salicylic acid.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen viability was highest with 400 ppm salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 400 ppm salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- pollen viabilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the treatments, pollen viability was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides and 400 ppm salicylic acid.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 ppm brassinolidese0
- Outcome
- Seed sete0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed set was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides and 800 ppm salicylic acid.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set was highest with 800 ppm salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 800 ppm salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- Seed sete0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed set was highest with 10 ppm brassinolides and 800 ppm salicylic acid.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Advancing sowing time decreased leaf membrane stability index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- advancement in sowing timee0
- Outcome
- membrane stability index of leavese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With advancement in sowing time, there was decrease in membrane stability index of leaves.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf MSI was slightly higher two days after sprays than before.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sprayinge0
- Outcome
- MSI of leavese0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Qualifier
- all treatmentse0
- Comparator
- prior to sprayinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MSI of leaves after two days of spraying was slightly higher than that prior to spraying in all treatments.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 400 ppm salicylic acid spray gave maximum MSI at vegetative and seed filling stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative and seed filling stagese0
- Treatment
- 400 ppm salicylic acid (T 2 )e0
- Outcome
- MSIe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum MSI was recorded with spray treatment of 400 ppm salicylic acid (T 2 ) during vegetative and seed filling stages.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
T 2, T 4, and T 8 produced the highest MSI increases over before spraying.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T 2 , T 4 and T 8e0
- Outcome
- MSIe0
- Direction
- highest increasee0
- Qualifier
- both stagese0
- Comparator
- before sprayinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments T 2 , T 4 and T 8 produced highest increase in MSI compared to that before spraying during both stages.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The first sowing date yielded 53.76 q/ha, higher than delayed sowing.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- D 1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 53.76 q/hae0
- Qualifier
- 48.99 q/ha and 44.51 q/hae0
- Comparator
- delayed sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher seed yield was obtained from D 1 , compared to delayed sowing. Mean seed yield from D 1 was 53.76 q/ha, as against 48.99 q/ha and 44.51 q/ha from D 2 and D 3 , respectively.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The second sowing date yielded 48.99 q/ha.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean seed yield from D 1 was 53.76 q/ha, as against 48.99 q/ha and 44.51 q/ha from D 2 and D 3 , respectively.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The third sowing date yielded 44.51 q/ha.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean seed yield from D 1 was 53.76 q/ha, as against 48.99 q/ha and 44.51 q/ha from D 2 and D 3 , respectively.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 800 ppm salicylic acid spray gave highest seed yields at each sowing date.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 800 ppm salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- each date of sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying of 800 ppm salicylic acid and 10 ppm brassinolides gave highest seed yields from each date of sowing.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 ppm brassinolides spray gave highest seed yields at each sowing date.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 ppm brassinolidese0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- each date of sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying of 800 ppm salicylic acid and 10 ppm brassinolides gave highest seed yields from each date of sowing.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
D 3 T 0 yielded 35.33 q/ha, significantly below all treatment combinations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- D 3 T 0e0
- Outcome
- Seed yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 35.33 q/hae0
- Comparator
- all treatment combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yields from D 3 T 0 and D 2 T 0 (35.33 q/ha and 39.72 q/ha, respectively) were significantly lower than all treatment combinations, including D 1 T 0 (51.83 q/ha).”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
D 2 T 0 yielded 39.72 q/ha, significantly below all treatment combinations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- D 2 T 0e0
- Outcome
- Seed yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 39.72 q/hae0
- Comparator
- all treatment combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yields from D 3 T 0 and D 2 T 0 (35.33 q/ha and 39.72 q/ha, respectively) were significantly lower than all treatment combinations, including D 1 T 0 (51.83 q/ha).”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
First sowing produced heavier seed, higher germination and vigour; selected sprays improved seed quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- D 1e0
- Outcome
- 1000-seed weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.62 ge0
- Comparator
- D 2 and D 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The first date of sowing (D 1 ) produced seeds with higher 1000-seed weight (22.62 g), compared to D 2 and D 3 (20.27 g and 19.36 g, respectively). Among the treatments, higher 1000-seed weights were recorded with the treatments T 3 and T 8 (21.51 g and 21.43 g, respectively), while lowest 1000-seed weight (18.76 g) was recorded with the Control. Seeds produced from D 1 recorded higher germination and seed vigour. All the treatments recorded improvement in germination and vigour of seeds with three dates of sowing. Treatments T 3 , T 7 and T 8 gave highest improvement in seed germination over control. Under accelerated ageing treatment, T 3 recorded highest germination followed by T 8 . Dates of sowing and treatment sprays had no influence on electrical conductivity of seed leachate.”
t0“Enhancement of growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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