Abstract
A field experiment to comparatively evaluate the effect of carbofuran 5G, chlorpyrifos 20Ec and chilli pepper aqueous extract on the growth, yield and control of insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, southeastern Nigeria during the 2017 rainy season between the months of April and October. The experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB) with four (4) treatments replicated five (5) times. Parameters assessed were plant height(cm), number of feeding holes created by leaf beetles (Podagrica uniformis) per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, leaf area index and fruit yield (t ha-1). The result of the experiment showed a significant (p<0.05) treatment effect on all the parameters measured/assessed except leaf area index. Plots treated with carbofuran 5G recorded highest on all the parameters assessed except number of feeding holes created by P.uniformis per plant as follows; mean plant height of 45.45 cm, mean number of 4.20 fruits per plant, mean leaf area index of 4.18, mean number of 48.60 feeding holes created by Podagrica per plant and mean fruit yield of 1.79 t ha-1.The efficacy of Chilli pepper aqueous extract (bio-insecticide) in the control of a major insect pest (Podagrica uniformis), growth and yield of okra did not significantly differ from that of chlorpyrifos 20Ec (Synthetic insecticide), the use of Chilli pepper aqueous extract to okra producers in Enugu area is therefore recommend as a better substitute to synthetic insecticide.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments significantly affected all measured parameters except leaf area index.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- all the parameters measured/assessede0
- Qualifier
- except leaf area indexe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“significant (p<0.05) treatment effect on all the parameters measured/assessed except leaf area index.”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments did not significantly affect leaf area index.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant (p<0.05) treatment effect on all the parameters measured/assessed except leaf area index.”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran plots had the highest plant height, 45.45 cm.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- carbofuran 5Ge0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45.45 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with carbofuran 5G recorded highest on all the parameters assessed except number of feeding holes created by P.uniformis per plant as follows; mean plant height of 45.45 cm”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran plots had the highest fruits per plant, averaging 4.20.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- carbofuran 5Ge0
- Outcome
- fruits per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.20 fruits per plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with carbofuran 5G recorded highest on all the parameters assessed except number of feeding holes created by P.uniformis per plant as follows; mean plant height of 45.45 cm, mean number of 4.20 fruits per plant”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran plots had mean leaf area index of 4.18.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Value
- 4.18e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean leaf area index of 4.18”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran plots averaged 48.60 Podagrica feeding holes per plant.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- feeding holes created by Podagrica per plante0
- Value
- 48.60 feeding holese0
PodagricaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean number of 48.60 feeding holes created by Podagrica per plant”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran plots had the highest fruit yield, averaging 1.79 tonnes per hectare.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- carbofuran 5Ge0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.79 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with carbofuran 5G recorded highest on all the parameters assessed except number of feeding holes created by P.uniformis per plant as follows; mean plant height of 45.45 cm, mean number of 4.20 fruits per plant, mean leaf area index of 4.18, mean number of 48.60 feeding holes created by Podagrica per plant and mean fruit yield of 1.79 t ha-1.”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilli pepper aqueous extract did not differ significantly from chlorpyrifos in pest control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Chilli pepper aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- Podagrica uniformise0pest
- Outcome
- control of a major insect pest (Podagrica uniformis)e0
- Direction
- did not significantly differe0
- Comparator
- chlorpyrifos 20Ece0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of Chilli pepper aqueous extract (bio-insecticide) in the control of a major insect pest (Podagrica uniformis), growth and yield of okra did not significantly differ from that of chlorpyrifos 20Ec (Synthetic insecticide)”
e1“insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilli pepper aqueous extract did not differ significantly from chlorpyrifos for okra growth and yield.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Chilli pepper aqueous extracte0
- Outcome
- growth and yield of okrae0
- Direction
- did not significantly differe0
- Comparator
- chlorpyrifos 20Ece0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of Chilli pepper aqueous extract (bio-insecticide) in the control of a major insect pest (Podagrica uniformis), growth and yield of okra did not significantly differ from that of chlorpyrifos 20Ec (Synthetic insecticide)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend chilli pepper aqueous extract as a substitute for synthetic insecticide for Enugu okra growers.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- use of Chilli pepper aqueous extracte0
- Comparator
- synthetic insecticidee0
- Setting
- Enugu areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of Chilli pepper aqueous extract to okra producers in Enugu area is therefore recommend as a better substitute to synthetic insecticide.”
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