Abstract
Abstract Chitosan (CTS) is involved in regulating tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. The objectives of this study were to examine whether exogenous application of CTS could improve drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.) and reveal CTS‐regulated mechanisms of drought tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthesis, and metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbohydrates, and energy production were measured. Plants pretreated with or without 100 mg CTS L −1 were subjected to well‐watered or drought stress conditions for 14 d in growth chambers. The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS significantly improved drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass as demonstrated by increased relative water content, cell membrane stability, photochemical efficiency, photosynthesis, and performance index on absorption basis under drought stress. The CTS application significantly reduced drought‐caused oxidative damage by enhancing total antioxidant capacity and activating superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. During drought stress, pretreatment with CTS promoted water use efficiency, carbohydrate (sucrose and glucose) accumulation, energy production, and metabolic homeostasis. Chitosan treatment did not have an effect on proline accumulation and metabolism. Improved γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation, pyruvic acid, and chlorophyll content in leaves were found due to CTS treatment under drought stress. Results indicate that the CTS plays a positive role in regulating drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass by altering antioxidant, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar CTS increased endogenous CTS content.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferat0 - Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- endogenous CTS contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS increased relative water content and cell membrane stability under drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- relative water content, cell membrane stabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“significantly improved drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass as demonstrated by increased relative water content, cell membrane stability”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS increased photochemical efficiency, photosynthesis and absorption performance index under drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency, photosynthesis, and performance index on absorption basise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“increased relative water content, cell membrane stability, photochemical efficiency, photosynthesis, and performance index on absorption basis under drought stress”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS reduced drought oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- drought‐caused oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“The CTS application significantly reduced drought‐caused oxidative damage”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS enhanced total antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“enhancing total antioxidant capacity and activating superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS activated superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalasee0
- Direction
- activatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“activating superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS activated ascorbate peroxidase.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- activatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“activating superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS promoted water use efficiency during drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- During drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“During drought stress, pretreatment with CTS promoted water use efficiency, carbohydrate (sucrose and glucose) accumulation, energy production, and metabolic homeostasis”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS promoted sucrose and glucose accumulation during drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- carbohydrate (sucrose and glucose) accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“pretreatment with CTS promoted water use efficiency, carbohydrate (sucrose and glucose) accumulation, energy production, and metabolic homeostasis”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS promoted energy production and metabolic homeostasis during drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- energy production, and metabolic homeostasise0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“pretreatment with CTS promoted water use efficiency, carbohydrate (sucrose and glucose) accumulation, energy production, and metabolic homeostasis”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS did not affect proline accumulation and metabolism.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- Chitosan treatmente0
- Outcome
- proline accumulation and metabolisme0
- Direction
- did not have an effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“Chitosan treatment did not have an effect on proline accumulation and metabolism”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
Claim · model-written summary
CTS improved leaf GABA accumulation, pyruvic acid and chlorophyll content under drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- CTSe1
- Outcome
- γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation, pyruvic acid, and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- Improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“creeping bentgrass”
e0“Improved γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation, pyruvic acid, and chlorophyll content in leaves were found due to CTS treatment under drought stress”
e1“The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS”
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.