Abstract
Fungal pathogens are a significant threat to crops worldwide. The soil fungus, Magnaporthiopsis maydis, severely affects sensitive maize hybrids by causing the rapid wilting of plants at the maturity stage. Similarly, the soil fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, develops in a variety of host plants, which leads to rot and plant mortality. The presence of both pathogens together in diseased cotton plants in Israel suggests possible interactions between them. Here, these relationships were tested in a series of experiments accompanied by real-time PCR tracking in maize and cotton. Despite the fact that neither of the pathogens was superior in a growth plate confrontation assay, their co-inoculum had a significant influence under field conditions. In maize sprouts and fully matured plants, infection by both pathogens (compared to inoculation with each of them alone) led to lesser amounts of M. maydis DNA but to increased amounts of M. phaseolina DNA levels. These results were obtained under a restricted water regime, while optimal water irrigation led to less pronounced differences. In water-stressed cotton sprouts, infection with both pathogens led to an increase in DNA amounts of each of the pathogens. Whereas the M. maydis DNA levels in the double infection remain high at the end of the season, a reduction in the amount of M. phaseolina DNA was observed. The double infection caused an increase in growth parameters in maize and cotton and decreased levels of dehydration in maize plants accompanied by an increase in yield production. Dehydration symptoms were minor in cotton under an optimal water supply. However, under a restricted water regime, the double infection abolished the harmful effect of M. phaseolina on the plants’ development and yield. These findings are the first report of interactions between these two pathogens in maize and cotton, and they encourage expanding the study to additional plant hosts and examining the potential involvement of other pathogens.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Neither pathogen was superior in a growth plate confrontation assay.
- Taxon
- Maize and Cotton
Gossypium hirsutum
Zea mayst0 - Interactor
- Magnaporthiopsis maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen - Outcome
- growth plate confrontation assaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither of the pathogens was superior in a growth plate confrontation assay”
t0“Maize and Cotton”
e1“Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinfection reduced M. maydis DNA in maize relative to single pathogen infection.
- Organ / stage
- maize sprouts and fully matured plantse0
- Treatment
- infection by both pathogense0
- Interactor
- M. maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise0pathogen
- Second interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. maydis DNAe0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Comparator
- inoculation with each of them alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In maize sprouts and fully matured plants, infection by both pathogens (compared to inoculation with each of them alone) led to lesser amounts of M. maydis DNA but to increased amounts of M. phaseolina DNA levels.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinfection increased M. phaseolina DNA in maize relative to single pathogen infection.
- Treatment
- infection by both pathogense0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- M. maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. phaseolina DNA levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- inoculation with each of them alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In maize sprouts and fully matured plants, infection by both pathogens (compared to inoculation with each of them alone) led to lesser amounts of M. maydis DNA but to increased amounts of M. phaseolina DNA levels.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal irrigation made the coinfection differences in fungal DNA less pronounced than restricted irrigation.
- Taxon
- Maize and CottonGossypium hirsutumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- optimal water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- restricted water regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results were obtained under a restricted water regime, while optimal water irrigation led to less pronounced differences.”
t0“Maize and Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinfection increased M. maydis DNA in water stressed cotton sprouts.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotton sproutse0
- Treatment
- infection with both pathogense0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthiopsis maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- DNA amounts of each of the pathogense0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In water-stressed cotton sprouts, infection with both pathogens led to an increase in DNA amounts of each of the pathogens.”
t0“cotton”
e1“Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinfection increased M. phaseolina DNA in water stressed cotton sprouts.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotton sproutse0
- Treatment
- infection with both pathogense0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Magnaporthiopsis maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise1pathogen
- Outcome
- DNA amounts of each of the pathogense0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In water-stressed cotton sprouts, infection with both pathogens led to an increase in DNA amounts of each of the pathogens.”
t0“cotton”
e1“Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina”
Claim · model-written summary
M. maydis DNA remained high at the season end during double infection in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- M. maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. maydis DNA levelse0
- Direction
- remain highe0
- Qualifier
- at the end of the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the M. maydis DNA levels in the double infection remain high at the end of the season”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
M. phaseolina DNA declined by the season end during double infection in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. phaseolina DNAe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in the amount of M. phaseolina DNA was observed”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Double infection increased maize growth parameters.
- Treatment
- double infectione0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthiopsis maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The double infection caused an increase in growth parameters in maize and cotton”
t0“Maize”
e1“Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina”
Claim · model-written summary
Double infection increased cotton growth parameters.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- double infectione0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthiopsis maydisMagnaporthiopsis maydise1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The double infection caused an increase in growth parameters in maize and cotton”
t0“cotton”
e1“Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina”
Claim · model-written summary
Double infection decreased maize dehydration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased levels of dehydration in maize plants”
t0“Maize”
e1“The double infection caused an increase in growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Double infection increased maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in yield production”
t0“Maize”
e1“The double infection caused an increase in growth parameters in maize and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton dehydration symptoms were minor under optimal water supply.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- optimal water supplye0
- Outcome
- Dehydration symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dehydration symptoms were minor in cotton under an optimal water supply.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under restricted water, coinfection abolished the harmful effect of M. phaseolina on cotton development.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- double infectione0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- plants’ developmente0
- Direction
- abolishede0
- Qualifier
- restricted water regimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under a restricted water regime, the double infection abolished the harmful effect of M. phaseolina on the plants’ development and yield”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Under restricted water, coinfection abolished the harmful effect of M. phaseolina on cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- double infectione0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- abolishede0
- Qualifier
- restricted water regimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under a restricted water regime, the double infection abolished the harmful effect of M. phaseolina on the plants’ development and yield”
t0“cotton”
The same questions in other papers
infection · Macrophomina phaseolina · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
infection · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
54 papers more in this group
See all 58 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.