Abstract
BHU-AV3 for improving salt tolerance in tomato through investigating the physiological responses of tomato roots and leaves under salinity stress. Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence, positively correlated with the maintenance of ion balance, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased proline content compared to the non-inoculated plants. BHU-AV3-inoculated plant leaves were less affected by oxidative stress, as evident from a reduction in superoxide contents, cell death, and lipid peroxidation. The reduction in ROS level was associated with the increased antioxidant enzyme activities along with multiple-isoform expression [peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in plant roots. Additionally, BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of proteins involved in (i) energy production [ATP synthase], (ii) carbohydrate metabolism (enolase), (iii) thiamine biosynthesis protein, (iv) translation protein (elongation factor 1 alpha), and the antioxidant defense system (catalase) in tomato roots. These findings have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of bacteria-mediated alleviation of salt stress in plants. From the study, we can conclude that BHU-AV3 inoculation effectively induces antioxidant systems and energy metabolism in tomato roots, which leads to whole plant protection during salt stress through induced systemic tolerance.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3-inoculated tomato plants under 200 mM NaCl showed less senescence than non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- inoculated with BHU-AV3e1
- Interactor
- BHU-AV3e1symbiont
- Outcome
- senescencee1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Qualifier
- challenged with 200 mM NaCle1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence, positively correlated with the maintenance of ion balance, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased proline content compared to the non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Less senescence in BHU-AV3-inoculated tomato is positively correlated with maintenance of ion balance.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- inoculated with BHU-AV3e1
- Outcome
- maintenance of ion balancee1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence, positively correlated with the maintenance of ion balance, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased proline content compared to the non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation lowered reactive oxygen species in salt-stressed tomato compared with non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- inoculated with BHU-AV3e1
- Interactor
- BHU-AV3e1symbiont
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese1
- Direction
- lowerede1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence, positively correlated with the maintenance of ion balance, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased proline content compared to the non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation increased proline content in salt-stressed tomato compared with non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- inoculated with BHU-AV3e1
- Interactor
- BHU-AV3e1symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence, positively correlated with the maintenance of ion balance, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased proline content compared to the non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3-inoculated tomato leaves were less affected by oxidative stress, with lower superoxide contents, cell death and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese2
- Treatment
- BHU-AV3-inoculatede2
- Interactor
- BHU-AV3e2symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide contents, cell death, and lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- reductione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence”
e2“BHU-AV3-inoculated plant leaves were less affected by oxidative stress, as evident from a reduction in superoxide contents, cell death, and lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced ROS level in tomato is associated with increased antioxidant enzyme activities in roots.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- plant rootse3
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- multiple-isoform expressione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tomato plants inoculated with BHU-AV3 and challenged with 200 mM NaCl exhibited less senescence, positively correlated with the maintenance of ion balance, lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased proline content compared to the non-inoculated plants”
e3“The reduction in ROS level was associated with the increased antioxidant enzyme activities along with multiple-isoform expression [peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in plant roots”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of ATP synthase in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- BHU-AV3 inoculatione4
- Gene
- ATP synthasee4
- Outcome
- expression of proteinse4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of proteins involved in (i) energy production [ATP synthase], (ii) carbohydrate metabolism (enolase), (iii) thiamine biosynthesis protein, (iv) translation protein (elongation factor 1 alpha), and the antioxidant defense system (catalase) in tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of enolase in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- BHU-AV3 inoculatione4
- Gene
- enolasee4
- Outcome
- expression of proteinse4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of proteins involved in (i) energy production [ATP synthase], (ii) carbohydrate metabolism (enolase), (iii) thiamine biosynthesis protein, (iv) translation protein (elongation factor 1 alpha), and the antioxidant defense system (catalase) in tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of thiamine biosynthesis protein in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- BHU-AV3 inoculatione4
- Gene
- thiamine biosynthesis proteine4
- Outcome
- expression of proteinse4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of proteins involved in (i) energy production [ATP synthase], (ii) carbohydrate metabolism (enolase), (iii) thiamine biosynthesis protein, (iv) translation protein (elongation factor 1 alpha), and the antioxidant defense system (catalase) in tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of elongation factor 1 alpha in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- BHU-AV3 inoculatione4
- Gene
- elongation factor 1 alphae4
- Outcome
- expression of proteinse4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of proteins involved in (i) energy production [ATP synthase], (ii) carbohydrate metabolism (enolase), (iii) thiamine biosynthesis protein, (iv) translation protein (elongation factor 1 alpha), and the antioxidant defense system (catalase) in tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of catalase in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- BHU-AV3 inoculatione4
- Gene
- catalasee4
- Outcome
- expression of proteinse4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“BHU-AV3 inoculation induced the expression of proteins involved in (i) energy production [ATP synthase], (ii) carbohydrate metabolism (enolase), (iii) thiamine biosynthesis protein, (iv) translation protein (elongation factor 1 alpha), and the antioxidant defense system (catalase) in tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
BHU-AV3 inoculation induces systemic tolerance and whole-plant protection of tomato during salt stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- BHU-AV3 inoculatione5
- Outcome
- systemic tolerancee5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“BHU-AV3 inoculation effectively induces antioxidant systems and energy metabolism in tomato roots, which leads to whole plant protection during salt stress through induced systemic tolerance”
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