Abstract
Herbal extracts used in agriculture are formulated from plants (or other organisms) as alternatives to synthetic chemicals that could have adverse effects on growers, consumers, or the environment. In this study, the effects of two herbal extracts on soybean were assessed: Chelidonium majus (C7: Celext 07) and Ascophyllum nodosum (ST: Stimulagro). A standardized approach for germinating seeds and monitoring early seedling growth for 15 days (SOP-Soybean) was used to evaluate the effects of these extracts. Growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate were measured on the fifteenth day after sowing (DAS). A combination of C. majus and A. nodosum (C7+ST), both 1 g L−1, was the most beneficial treatment and significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%). In a separate experiment, foliar application of the same compounds was performed on the tenth and twentieth DAS, with sampling on the thirtieth DAS. Foliar applications with 1 g L−1 of A. nodosum (ST) significantly enhanced the dry mass (23.5%), and the photosynthetic rate was increased even at 10 days after application (22.5%). Therefore, seedling exposure to C. majus (C7) and A. nodosum (ST) and foliar applications of A. nodosum (ST) stimulated the growth and development of soybean. These natural compounds seem to have the potential to act as growth stimulants for soybean and should be tested for their capacity to improve field growth and yield.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Combined C7 and ST at 1 g L−1 significantly increased soybean shoot height by 13.2%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- C. majus and A. nodosum (C7+ST), both 1 g L−1e0
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of C. majus and A. nodosum (C7+ST), both 1 g L−1, was the most beneficial treatment and significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined C7 and ST significantly increased soybean dry mass by 10.7%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- C. majus and A. nodosum (C7+ST), both 1 g L−1e1
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%)”
e1“A combination of C. majus and A. nodosum (C7+ST), both 1 g L−1”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined C7 and ST significantly increased soybean photosynthetic rate by 20.3%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- C. majus and A. nodosum (C7+ST), both 1 g L−1e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%)”
e1“A combination of C. majus and A. nodosum (C7+ST), both 1 g L−1”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ST at 1 g L−1 significantly increased soybean dry mass by 23.5%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar applications with 1 g L−1 of A. nodosum (ST)e0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 23.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications with 1 g L−1 of A. nodosum (ST) significantly enhanced the dry mass (23.5%), and the photosynthetic rate was increased even at 10 days after application (22.5%).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar ST increased soybean photosynthetic rate by 22.5% ten days after application.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar applications with 1 g L−1 of A. nodosum (ST)e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 10 days after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications with 1 g L−1 of A. nodosum (ST) significantly enhanced the dry mass (23.5%), and the photosynthetic rate was increased even at 10 days after application (22.5%).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend testing these extracts for improvement of soybean field growth and yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- field growth and yielde0
- Qualifier
- should be testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These natural compounds seem to have the potential to act as growth stimulants for soybean and should be tested for their capacity to improve field growth and yield.”
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