Abstract
ABSTRACT Nematodes of the Meloidogyne genus are among the main limiting factors of world agricultural productivity. Its management is quite complex and alternative methods such as the use of extracts have been widely studied. This study aimed to evaluate the penetration and development of M. javanica in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) treated with Ascophyllum nodosum extract and assess this algal product and its nutrient components in nematode management. Experiment 1 comprised five sampling times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 d after nematode inoculation) and three application methods (planting hole, foliar spraying, and untreated control). Soybean plants were inoculated with 2000 eggs+second-stage juveniles of M. javanica and treated with algal extract. Total nematode number, number of nematodes per developmental stage, and population density (nematodes g-1 root) were determined. Experiment 2 consisted of 11 treatments: Algal extract, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, combined nutrients, and untreated control. Soybean crops were evaluated for total nematode number, population density, gall index, plant height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. In Experiment 1, algal extract reduced nematode penetration, regardless of application method. There was a decrease in the total number of nematodes and number of nematode g-1 root by 83% and 56% in the application via furrow and 68% and 70% via foliar application, respectively. In Experiment 2, all nutrient treatments reduced at least one nematode parameter, with P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and combined nutrients (Trial 1) and algal extract, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and combined nutrients (Trial 2) achieving 83% to 95% reductions in population density. Nutrient treatments positively influenced vegetative development, as a 20% increase in height for the nutrients A. nodosum, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Fe. Ascophyllum nodosum and its nutrient components have potential in the management of M. javanica in soybean.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Algal extract reduced nematode penetration in soybean regardless of application method.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- algal extracte1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat0pest
- Outcome
- nematode penetratione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- regardless of application methode1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“In Experiment 1, algal extract reduced nematode penetration, regardless of application method”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow application reduced the total number of nematodes in soybean by 83%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application via furrowe1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat0pest
- Outcome
- total number of nematodese1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 83%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“There was a decrease in the total number of nematodes and number of nematode g-1 root by 83% and 56% in the application via furrow and 68% and 70% via foliar application, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow application reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root in soybean by 56%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application via furrowe1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat0pest
- Outcome
- number of nematode g-1 roote1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 56%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“There was a decrease in the total number of nematodes and number of nematode g-1 root by 83% and 56% in the application via furrow and 68% and 70% via foliar application, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application reduced the total number of nematodes in soybean by 68%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat0pest
- Outcome
- total number of nematodese1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 68%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“There was a decrease in the total number of nematodes and number of nematode g-1 root by 83% and 56% in the application via furrow and 68% and 70% via foliar application, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root in soybean by 70%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat0pest
- Outcome
- number of nematode g-1 roote1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 70%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“There was a decrease in the total number of nematodes and number of nematode g-1 root by 83% and 56% in the application via furrow and 68% and 70% via foliar application, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
All nutrient treatments reduced at least one nematode parameter in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nutrient treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat0pest
- Outcome
- nematode parametere1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“In Experiment 2, all nutrient treatments reduced at least one nematode parameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Several nutrient and algal-extract treatments reduced nematode population density in soybean by 83% to 95%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and combined nutrients (Trial 1)e1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicat0pest
- Outcome
- population densitye1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Value
- 83% to 95%e1
- Qualifier
- algal extract, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and combined nutrients (Trial 2)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“In Experiment 2, all nutrient treatments reduced at least one nematode parameter, with P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and combined nutrients (Trial 1) and algal extract, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and combined nutrients (Trial 2) achieving 83% to 95% reductions in population density”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient treatments increased soybean height by 20%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nutrients A. nodosum, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Fee1
- Outcome
- heighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 20%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“Nutrient treatments positively influenced vegetative development, as a 20% increase in height for the nutrients A. nodosum, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascophyllum nodosum and its nutrient components have potential for managing M. javanica in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae1pest
- Outcome
- management of M. javanicae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Meloidogyne javanica in soybean”
e1“Ascophyllum nodosum and its nutrient components have potential in the management of M. javanica in soybean”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.