Abstract
BACKGROUND: Strawberry is usually cultivated in unheated glasshouses or outdoors, suffering many times by low temperatures during the winter period, with the danger of plant losses. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of various alleviating agents against chilling and freezing stress. METHODS: Strawberry plants were foliarly treated with various alleviating substances, i.e. glycine betaine, trehalose, salicylic acid and proline and exposed to 5 °C (chilling treatment) for three weeks followed by a three hour exposure to – 10 °C (freezing treatment), while control plants were growing under 20 °C. At the end of each period polyamine and carbohydrate concentration, antioxidant enzymes activities, total phenols and proline concentration, chlorophyll concentration, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and H2O2 production in the leaves were measured. RESULTS: All applied products alleviated chilling stress, inducing lower electrolyte leakage, but higher sucrose and fructose concentration in the leaves compared to control. Under freezing temperature, salicylic acid proved to be the most efficient based on the lowest leaf damage observed, followed by trehalose and proline. CONCLUSIONS: Salicylic acid was the best alleviation agent based on leaf damage evaluation, by inducing low chlorophyll a degradation, low superoxide dismoutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities as well as low putrescine concentration.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All applied alleviating products reduced electrolyte leakage under chilling stress.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- glycine betaine, trehalose, salicylic acid and prolinee1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- control plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry physiological and biochemical responses”
e1“Strawberry plants were foliarly treated with various alleviating substances, i.e. glycine betaine, trehalose, salicylic acid and proline”
e2“while control plants were growing under 20”
e3“All applied products alleviated chilling stress, inducing lower electrolyte leakage, but higher sucrose and fructose concentration in the leaves compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
All applied alleviating products increased sucrose and fructose concentration in leaves compared with control.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- glycine betaine, trehalose, salicylic acid and prolinee1
- Outcome
- sucrose and fructose concentratione2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry physiological and biochemical responses”
e1“Strawberry plants were foliarly treated with various alleviating substances, i.e. glycine betaine, trehalose, salicylic acid and proline”
e2“All applied products alleviated chilling stress, inducing lower electrolyte leakage, but higher sucrose and fructose concentration in the leaves compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Under freezing, salicylic acid gave the lowest leaf damage, followed by trehalose and proline.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide4
- Outcome
- leaf damagee4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Comparator
- trehalose and prolinee4
- Setting
- freezing temperaturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry physiological and biochemical responses”
e4“Under freezing temperature, salicylic acid proved to be the most efficient based on the lowest leaf damage observed, followed by trehalose and proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment lowered superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide5
- Outcome
- superoxide dismoutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activitiese5
- Direction
- lowe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry physiological and biochemical responses”
e5“Salicylic acid was the best alleviation agent based on leaf damage evaluation, by inducing low chlorophyll a degradation, low superoxide dismoutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities as well as low putrescine concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment lowered chlorophyll a degradation.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a degradatione1
- Direction
- lowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry physiological and biochemical responses”
e1“Salicylic acid was the best alleviation agent based on leaf damage evaluation, by inducing low chlorophyll a degradation, low superoxide dismoutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities as well as low putrescine concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment lowered putrescine concentration.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide1
- Outcome
- putrescine concentratione1
- Direction
- lowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry physiological and biochemical responses”
e1“Salicylic acid was the best alleviation agent based on leaf damage evaluation, by inducing low chlorophyll a degradation, low superoxide dismoutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities as well as low putrescine concentration”
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