Abstract
Abstract Allosteric regulation is protein activation by effector binding at a site other than the active site. Here, we show via X-ray structural analysis of gibberellin 2-oxidase 3 (GA2ox3), and auxin dioxygenase (DAO), that such a mechanism maintains hormonal homeostasis in plants. Both enzymes form multimers by interacting via GA 4 and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at their binding interface. Via further functional analyses we reveal that multimerization of these enzymes gradually proceeds with increasing GA 4 and IAA concentrations; multimerized enzymes have higher specific activities than monomer forms, a system that should favour the maintenance of homeostasis for these phytohormones. Molecular dynamic analysis suggests a possible mechanism underlying increased GA2ox3 activity by multimerization—GA 4 in the interface of oligomerized GA2ox3s may be able to enter the active site with a low energy barrier. In summary, homeostatic systems for maintaining GA and IAA levels, based on a common allosteric mechanism, appear to have developed independently.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
X-ray structural analysis of GA2ox3 and DAO indicates that an allosteric mechanism maintains hormonal homeostasis in plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Gene
- gibberellin 2-oxidase 3 (GA2ox3), and auxin dioxygenase (DAO)e0
- Outcome
- hormonal homeostasise0
Verbatim
e0“we show via X-ray structural analysis of gibberellin 2-oxidase 3 (GA2ox3), and auxin dioxygenase (DAO), that such a mechanism maintains hormonal homeostasis in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Both enzymes form multimers through interaction via GA4 and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at their binding interface.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Both enzymes form multimers by interacting via GA 4 and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at their binding interface”
Claim · model-written summary
Multimerization of the enzymes proceeds gradually with increasing GA4 and IAA concentrations.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“multimerization of these enzymes gradually proceeds with increasing GA 4 and IAA concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Multimerized enzymes have higher specific activities than monomer forms.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“multimerized enzymes have higher specific activities than monomer forms”
Claim · model-written summary
Molecular dynamic analysis suggests that GA4 in the interface of oligomerized GA2ox3 may enter the active site with a low energy barrier, a possible mechanism for increased GA2ox3 activity by multimerization.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Molecular dynamic analysis suggests a possible mechanism underlying increased GA2ox3 activity by multimerization”
e1“GA 4 in the interface of oligomerized GA2ox3s may be able to enter the active site with a low energy barrier”
Claim · model-written summary
Homeostatic systems maintaining GA and IAA levels, based on a common allosteric mechanism, appear to have developed independently.
- Compound
- GA and IAAe0
- Outcome
- homeostatic systems for maintaining GA and IAA levelse0
- Qualifier
- appear to have developed independentlye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“homeostatic systems for maintaining GA and IAA levels, based on a common allosteric mechanism, appear to have developed independently”