Abstract
The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping. LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly affected total number of irrigation events.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use.”
t0“madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly affected total water use.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use.”
t0“madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced madumbe plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced rice plant height.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- intercrope0
- Outcome
- plant heightse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous flood irrigation had a positive but nonsignificant effect on madumbe plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons.”
t0“madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous flood irrigation had a positive but nonsignificant effect on rice plant height.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CFIe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons.”
t0“madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced madumbe leaves/plant.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced rice panicles/plant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- panicles/plante0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced rice tillers/plant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- tillers/plante0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced madumbe corm yield relative to sole cropping.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly reduced rice grain yield yield relative to sole cropping.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Madumbe-rice intercropping had a land equivalent ratio below one and was not more productive than sole madumbe.
Verbatim
e0“LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe.”
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.