Abstract
Strategies encouraging the use of fewer agrochemicals while maintaining high yield are highly demanded for smallholder rice farmers. Intercropping helps to suppress pests and disease in upland farming systems. However, information on the role of intercropping in pest suppression and crop productivity in irrigated rice farming systems is sparse. To explore the possibility of establishing diversified agriculture management strategy that requires lower agrochemical inputs, a field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice and water spinach intercropping on the occurrence of pests, disease, and land-use efficiency. Results demonstrated that the occurrence of rice blast disease, sheath blight disease, and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis was substantially lower than pure stands. Compared with rice monoculture, the tiller number, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf chlorophyll content were significantly increased in rice at the edge rows adjacent to water spinach in intercropping. Intercropping increased the per unit area yield of rice without significant reduction in that of water spinach. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.13, showing that intercropping was 13% more productive than rice monocropping. Net income for intercropping was 5.04 times higher than for rice monocropping. These findings suggest that rice and water spinach intercropping is a viable alternative for sustainable rice production with a small farming scale in southern China.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping lowered rice blast occurrence versus pure stands.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- intercroppingt0
- Outcome
- rice blast diseasee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- pure standse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the occurrence of rice blast disease, sheath blight disease, and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis was substantially lower than pure stands.”
t0“intercropping rice and water spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping lowered sheath blight occurrence versus pure stands.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intercroppingt0
- Outcome
- sheath blight diseasee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- pure standse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the occurrence of rice blast disease, sheath blight disease, and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis was substantially lower than pure stands.”
t0“intercropping rice and water spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping lowered occurrence of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis versus pure stands.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- intercroppingt0
- Interactor
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Cnaphalocrocis medinalise0pest - Outcome
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalise0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- pure standse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the occurrence of rice blast disease, sheath blight disease, and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis was substantially lower than pure stands.”
t0“intercropping rice and water spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice tiller number increased at edge rows near water spinach.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- edge rowse0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- tiller numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rice monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with rice monoculture, the tiller number, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf chlorophyll content were significantly increased in rice at the edge rows adjacent to water spinach in intercropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice photosynthetic rate and leaf chlorophyll content increased in intercropped edge rows.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- edge rowse0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, and leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rice monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with rice monoculture, the tiller number, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf chlorophyll content were significantly increased in rice at the edge rows adjacent to water spinach in intercropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased rice yield per unit area.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- per unit area yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rice monoculturet0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping increased the per unit area yield of rice”
t0“Compared with rice monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Water spinach yield was not significantly reduced by intercropping.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with rice monoculture, the tiller number, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf chlorophyll content were significantly increased in rice at the edge rows adjacent to water spinach in intercropping. Intercropping increased the per unit area yield of rice without significant reduction in that of water spinach.”
t0“intercropping rice and water spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping land equivalent ratio was 1.13.
Verbatim
e0“Land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.13”
t0“rice and water spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping productivity was 13% above rice monocropping.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping was 13% more productive than rice monocropping.”
t0“rice and water spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping net income was 5.04 times rice monocropping.
Verbatim
e0“Net income for intercropping was 5.04 times higher than for rice monocropping.”
t0“rice and water spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend rice and water spinach intercropping for sustainable small scale rice production.
Verbatim
e0“rice and water spinach intercropping is a viable alternative for sustainable rice production with a small farming scale in southern China.”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
76 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
91 papers more in this group
See all 95 papers →intercropping · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
intercropping · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.