Abstract
The current demand for safflower florets (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the food-coloring industry, especially in Europe, is rising. The present production, mainly located in China, is not sufficient. Unlike for the production of seeds, there are currently no recommendations for the cultivation of safflower for floret production in Germany. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the experimental station Ihinger Hof, Southwestern Germany, in 2017 and 2018. The aim was to evaluate yield and yield parameters, such as number of capitula, floret yield, and carthamidin content for (i) two cultivars grown with (ii) two row spacing (12 and 33 cm) using (iii) two sowing densities (40 and 75 plants m−2), and (iv) five harvest dates. Results showed that lower sowing densities resulted in a significantly larger number of branches and capitula per plant and higher yields of florets and carthamidin. Harvesting two to three weeks after flowering resulted in the significantly highest floret and carthamidin yields. More capitula per plant, higher carthamidin contents, and higher floret and carthamidin yields were obtained with the Chinese cultivar. In general, yields of flowering florets (2.30–468.96 kg ha−1), carthamidin contents (2.53–8.29%), and carthamidin yields (0.04–37.86 kg ha−1) were comparable to or higher than in other studies. In conclusion, this study showed that safflower has great potential for the production of florets in Southwest Germany, for the food-color industry.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sowing density increased branches and capitula per plant.
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- lower sowing densitiese0
- Outcome
- number of branches and capitula per plante0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“lower sowing densities resulted in a significantly larger number of branches and capitula per plant and higher yields of florets and carthamidin”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sowing density increased floret and carthamidin yields.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- lower sowing densitiese0
- Outcome
- yields of florets and carthamidine0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“lower sowing densities resulted in a significantly larger number of branches and capitula per plant and higher yields of florets and carthamidin”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvesting two to three weeks after flowering gave the highest floret and carthamidin yields.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Harvesting two to three weeks after floweringe0
- Outcome
- floret and carthamidin yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Harvesting two to three weeks after flowering resulted in the significantly highest floret and carthamidin yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The Chinese cultivar had more capitula per plant.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Chinese cultivare0
- Outcome
- capitula per plante0
- Direction
- Moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“More capitula per plant, higher carthamidin contents, and higher floret and carthamidin yields were obtained with the Chinese cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
The Chinese cultivar had higher carthamidin contents.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Chinese cultivare0
- Outcome
- carthamidin contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“More capitula per plant, higher carthamidin contents, and higher floret and carthamidin yields were obtained with the Chinese cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
The Chinese cultivar had higher floret and carthamidin yields.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- Chinese cultivare0
- Outcome
- floret and carthamidin yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“More capitula per plant, higher carthamidin contents, and higher floret and carthamidin yields were obtained with the Chinese cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Floret yields ranged from 2.30–468.96 kg ha−1 and were comparable to or higher than in other studies.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- yields of flowering floretse0
- Direction
- comparable to or highere0
- Value
- 2.30–468.96 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- other studiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“yields of flowering florets (2.30–468.96 kg ha−1), carthamidin contents (2.53–8.29%), and carthamidin yields (0.04–37.86 kg ha−1) were comparable to or higher than in other studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Carthamidin contents ranged from 2.53–8.29% and were comparable to or higher than in other studies.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- carthamidin contentse0
- Direction
- comparable to or highere0
- Value
- 2.53–8.29%e0
- Comparator
- other studiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“yields of flowering florets (2.30–468.96 kg ha−1), carthamidin contents (2.53–8.29%), and carthamidin yields (0.04–37.86 kg ha−1) were comparable to or higher than in other studies”
Claim · model-written summary
Carthamidin yields ranged from 0.04–37.86 kg ha−1 and were comparable to or higher than in other studies.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- carthamidin yieldse0
- Direction
- comparable to or highere0
- Value
- 0.04–37.86 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- other studiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“yields of flowering florets (2.30–468.96 kg ha−1), carthamidin contents (2.53–8.29%), and carthamidin yields (0.04–37.86 kg ha−1) were comparable to or higher than in other studies”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude safflower has strong potential for floret production in Southwest Germany.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Outcome
- production of floretse0
- Setting
- Southwest Germanye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“safflower has great potential for the production of florets in Southwest Germany”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.