Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo), which is an essential microelement for plant growth, plays important roles in multiple metabolic and physiological processes, including responses to drought and cold stress in wheat. Lipids also have crucial roles in plant adaptions to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the changes in lipids induced by Mo that are associated with Mo-enhanced drought tolerance in wheat. Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation, but suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production. Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation. The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD), and the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo. Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD, and this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes. In addition, Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD. These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Mo increased transcripts for fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation genes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Mo treatmentse0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo suppressed expression of genes involved in oxylipin production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Moe1
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in oxylipin productione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production”
e1“Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo supplemented wheat had higher MGDG, DGDG, and PG contents.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Moe0
- Outcome
- contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo supplemented wheat had higher PE and PC contents.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Moe1
- Outcome
- phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC)e0
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation”
e1“Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo supplemented wheat lipids had increased unsaturation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Moe0
- Outcome
- levels of unsaturatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation”
Claim · model-written summary
PSD increased MGDG, DGDG, and PG levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PEG-simulated drought (PSD)e0
- Outcome
- levels of MGDG, DGDG, PGe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PSD increased PC levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PEG-simulated drought (PSD)e0
- Outcome
- PCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The magnitude of lipid responses to PSD varied with Mo presence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Moe0
- Outcome
- magnitude of the responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo increased accumulation of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 glycerolipids under PSD.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Moe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under PSDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo increased desaturation related gene expression under PSD.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Moe1
- Outcome
- expression of genes related to desaturatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- under PSDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD”
e1“Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Mo associated lipid changes contributed to membrane fluidity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- fluidity of membranese0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes”
e1“Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo attenuated the PSD related decreases in DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE ratios.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Moe0
- Outcome
- decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PEe0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
- Qualifier
- under PSDe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The Mo related lipid changes were proposed to maintain membrane integrity and protect photosynthesis, enhancing drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- changes in lipidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance”
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