Abstract
Isolation and evaluation of symbiotic effectiveness of native rhizobia isolates are important to develop effective inoculant and achieve maximum legume productivity. This work was initiated to authenticate and evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness of cowpea nodulating rhizobia isolates isolated from major cowpea growing areas in Ethiopia. A total of 28 rhizobia isolates were isolated, purified, authenticated for infectiveness and assessed for their symbiotic effectiveness. The study was conducted under a controlled greenhouse condition and all isolates formed nodules on cowpea upon reinoculation and verified to be true rhizobia infecting their host. The inoculation of native rhizobia isolates had significantly increased nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight per plant and shoot dry weight per plant compared with the uninoculated treatment. The relative symbiotic effectiveness of the isolates ranged from 45.81% to 115.03% whereas the absolute symbiotic efficiency ranged from 32.72 to 233.25%. Besides, symbiotic effectiveness showed positive and highly significant correlation with nodule number, nodule dry weight and shoot dry weight per plant. The study on symbiotic effectiveness of the isolates revealed that 10 isolates (35.72%) were highly effective, 16 isolates (57.14%) were effective and only two isolates (7.14%) were poorly effective. From the study, it was observed that the existence of naturally occurring cowpea nodulating rhizobia varied from poorly to highly effective with a predominance of effective isolates in different agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia where cowpea is under production. Further studies are recommended under varied conditions on the competitiveness, persistence, and potential of the promising isolates.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
All tested rhizobia isolates formed nodules on cowpea after reinoculation.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- reinoculatione0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- formed nodulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all isolates formed nodules on cowpea upon reinoculation and verified to be true rhizobia infecting their host”
Claim · model-written summary
Native rhizobia inoculation significantly increased cowpea nodule number per plant versus uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of native rhizobia isolatese0
- Interactor
- native rhizobia isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule number per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation of native rhizobia isolates had significantly increased nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight per plant and shoot dry weight per plant compared with the uninoculated treatment”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Native rhizobia inoculation significantly increased cowpea nodule dry weight per plant versus uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of native rhizobia isolatese0
- Interactor
- native rhizobia isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule dry weight per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation of native rhizobia isolates had significantly increased nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight per plant and shoot dry weight per plant compared with the uninoculated treatment”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Native rhizobia inoculation significantly increased cowpea shoot dry weight per plant versus uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of native rhizobia isolatese0
- Interactor
- native rhizobia isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation of native rhizobia isolates had significantly increased nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight per plant and shoot dry weight per plant compared with the uninoculated treatment”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative symbiotic effectiveness of cowpea rhizobia isolates ranged from 45.81% to 115.03%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative symbiotic effectivenesse0
- Value
- 45.81% to 115.03%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative symbiotic effectiveness of the isolates ranged from 45.81% to 115.03%”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Absolute symbiotic efficiency of cowpea rhizobia isolates ranged from 32.72 to 233.25%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- absolute symbiotic efficiencye0
- Value
- 32.72 to 233.25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the absolute symbiotic efficiency ranged from 32.72 to 233.25%”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiotic effectiveness correlated positively and highly significantly with nodule number, nodule dry weight and shoot dry weight per plant.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- nodulee0
- Outcome
- symbiotic effectivenesse0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- nodule number, nodule dry weight and shoot dry weight per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“symbiotic effectiveness showed positive and highly significant correlation with nodule number, nodule dry weight and shoot dry weight per plant”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten cowpea rhizobia isolates, 35.72%, were highly effective.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- highly effectivee0
- Value
- 35.72%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 isolates (35.72%) were highly effective”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen cowpea rhizobia isolates, 57.14%, were effective.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Value
- 57.14%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 isolates (57.14%) were effective”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two cowpea rhizobia isolates, 7.14%, were poorly effective.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- poorly effectivee0
- Value
- 7.14%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two isolates (7.14%) were poorly effective”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Naturally occurring cowpea rhizobia varied from poorly to highly effective, with effective isolates predominant across Ethiopian agroecological zones.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- predominance of effective isolatese0
- Setting
- Ethiopiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“naturally occurring cowpea nodulating rhizobia varied from poorly to highly effective with a predominance of effective isolates in different agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further testing of promising cowpea rhizobia isolates for competitiveness, persistence and potential under varied conditions.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- Further studies are recommended under varied conditions on the competitiveness, persistence, and potential of the promising isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further studies are recommended under varied conditions on the competitiveness, persistence, and potential of the promising isolates”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)”
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