Abstract
The safety of vegetable production is a key link in reducing cadmium consumption through the food chains. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil. Four treatments (T1: 0.5% calcium silicate+0.5% biological humus fertilizer; T2: 0.5% calcium silicate+1.0% biological humus fertilizer; T3: 1.0% calcium silicate+0.5% biological humus fertilizer; and T4: 1.0% calcium silicate+1.0% biological humus fertilizer) and a control group (CK) were adopted. The changes in soil pH, DTPA-extractable Cd, biomass of shallots, and cadmium concentrations in shallots over time under different treatments were analyzed. The results show that the application of composite amendments decreased the concentrations of DTPA-extractable Cd in the soil. In particular, after T3 treatment, the concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 60.71%, 49.54%, 44.63%, and 58.94% after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectively. The biomass of the shallots aboveground increased significantly by 107.99% and 107.19% after T3 and T4 treatment, respectively. The composite amendments exhibited different effects on the uptake of Cd by the shallots from the soil, and the T4 treatment was the most effective in immobilizing Cd and inhibiting translocation of Cd into the shallots. The cadmium concentration in the shallots decreased by 43.80% after 56 d with the T4 treatment. In conclusion, T4 is the optimum treatment for soil cadmium immobilization.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Composite amendments decreased DTPA-extractable Cd concentrations in soil compared with the control group (CK).
- Taxon
- shallots
Allium cepa var. aggregatume0 - Treatment
- composite amendmentse2
- Outcome
- concentrations of DTPA-extractable Cd in the soile2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- control group (CK)e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil”
e1“and a control group (CK) were adopted”
e2“The results show that the application of composite amendments decreased the concentrations of DTPA-extractable Cd in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
After T3 treatment, soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 60.71% after 14 d.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- T3e3
- Outcome
- soil DTPA-extractable Cde3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 60.71%e3
- Qualifier
- after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil”
e3“after T3 treatment, the concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 60.71%, 49.54%, 44.63%, and 58.94% after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After T3 treatment, soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 49.54% after 28 d.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- T3e3
- Outcome
- soil DTPA-extractable Cde3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 49.54%e3
- Qualifier
- after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil”
e3“after T3 treatment, the concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 60.71%, 49.54%, 44.63%, and 58.94% after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After T3 treatment, soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 44.63% after 42 d.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- T3e3
- Outcome
- soil DTPA-extractable Cde3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 44.63%e3
- Qualifier
- after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil”
e3“after T3 treatment, the concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 60.71%, 49.54%, 44.63%, and 58.94% after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
After T3 treatment, soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 58.94% after 56 d.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- T3e3
- Outcome
- soil DTPA-extractable Cde3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 58.94%e3
- Qualifier
- after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectivelye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil”
e3“after T3 treatment, the concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 60.71%, 49.54%, 44.63%, and 58.94% after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 treatment increased aboveground shallot biomass significantly by 107.99%.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume4
- Treatment
- T3e4
- Outcome
- biomass of the shallots abovegrounde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 107.99%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The biomass of the shallots aboveground increased significantly by 107.99% and 107.19% after T3 and T4 treatment, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 treatment increased aboveground shallot biomass significantly by 107.19%.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume4
- Treatment
- T4e4
- Outcome
- biomass of the shallots abovegrounde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 107.19%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The biomass of the shallots aboveground increased significantly by 107.99% and 107.19% after T3 and T4 treatment, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 treatment was the most effective treatment for immobilizing Cd in shallot-cultivated soil.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume5
- Treatment
- T4 treatmente5
- Outcome
- immobilizing Cde5
- Direction
- most effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the T4 treatment was the most effective in immobilizing Cd and inhibiting translocation of Cd into the shallots”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 treatment inhibited translocation of Cd into the shallots.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume5
- Treatment
- T4 treatmente5
- Outcome
- translocation of Cd into the shallotse5
- Direction
- inhibitinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the T4 treatment was the most effective in immobilizing Cd and inhibiting translocation of Cd into the shallots”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 treatment decreased the cadmium concentration in shallots by 43.80% after 56 d.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume6
- Treatment
- T4 treatmente6
- Outcome
- cadmium concentration in the shallotse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 43.80%e6
- Qualifier
- after 56 de6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The cadmium concentration in the shallots decreased by 43.80% after 56 d with the T4 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 is recommended as the optimum treatment for soil cadmium immobilization.
- Taxon
- shallotsAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- T4e7
- Outcome
- soil cadmium immobilizatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil”
e7“T4 is the optimum treatment for soil cadmium immobilization”
The same questions in other papers
other · nutrient: content · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.