Abstract
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes a serious reduction in both root and sugar yields in sugar beet areas in Egypt. This study aimed to determine the effect of three water stress treatments namely, IR1 (recommended irrigation times), IR2 (3 withholding irrigation times), and IR3 (4withholding irrigation times) on powdery mildew infection severity and yield components of ten sugar beet varieties. The experimental design was a split-plot design with three replications at Al-Fayoum Governorate, (29°17ˋ N; 30°53ˋ E), Egypt, during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 growing seasons. Results showed that disease severity varied significantly under the three water stress treatments, which were about 21.02, 18.71, and 16.60 %, respectively. Meanwhile, IR3 (4 withholding irrigation times) is more effective in the control of powdery mildew disease, but it is the lowest one in yield components traits. Varieties i.e. Heba, Pleno, Beta 382 and Sibel registered the lowest values of disease severity percentage (11.77, 13.64, 14.90, and 16.40%, respectively). Withholding of irrigation had a significant effect (P< 0.05) on sugar and root yields so that IR3 water stress treatment registered lower yield (2.78 and 18.53 ton/fed) than IR2 water stress treatment (3.17 and 22.60 ton/fed). As a result, growing sugar beet under IR2 water stress produced higher sugar content and less amino-N and Na accumulation in the root, as compared to IR3 water stress. The lowest disease severity percentage (11.77%) along with the best root yield (22.20 ton/fed) was observed in Heba variety. Sugar beet varieties i.e. Heba, Beta382, and Sibel registered the highest value of oxidative enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), and we can be recommended these as tolerant disease varieties. Skipping one or more irrigation to reduce the powdery mildew disease was recommended.According to the results, the stress tolerance index (STI) and of geometric mean productivity (GMP) appears to be a suitable selection index to distinguish tolerant sugar beet varieties for water stress. Breeders should focus on the performance of varieties with high root yield in diverse environments and high extractable sugar.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew severity was 21.02% under IR1.
- Taxon
- Sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- IR1e1
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 21.02e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“disease severity varied significantly under the three water stress treatments, which were about 21.02, 18.71, and 16.60 %, respectively.”
e1“IR1 (recommended irrigation times)”
t1“Powdery Mildew Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew severity was 18.71% under IR2.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IR2e1
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 18.71e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“disease severity varied significantly under the three water stress treatments, which were about 21.02, 18.71, and 16.60 %, respectively.”
e1“IR2 (3 withholding irrigation times)”
t1“Powdery Mildew Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew severity was 16.60% under IR3.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IR3e1
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 16.60 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“disease severity varied significantly under the three water stress treatments, which were about 21.02, 18.71, and 16.60 %, respectively.”
e1“IR3 (4withholding irrigation times)”
t1“Powdery Mildew Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
IR3 controlled powdery mildew better but had the lowest yield components.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IR3 (4 withholding irrigation times)e0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of powdery mildew diseasee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“IR3 (4 withholding irrigation times) is more effective in the control of powdery mildew disease, but it is the lowest one in yield components traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
IR3 had the lowest yield component traits.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IR3 (4 withholding irrigation times)e0
- Outcome
- yield components traitse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“IR3 (4 withholding irrigation times) is more effective in the control of powdery mildew disease, but it is the lowest one in yield components traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heba disease severity was 11.77%.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Hebae0
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity percentagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 11.77e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Varieties i.e. Heba, Pleno, Beta 382 and Sibel registered the lowest values of disease severity percentage (11.77, 13.64, 14.90, and 16.40%, respectively).”
t1“Powdery Mildew Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Pleno disease severity was 13.64%.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Plenoe0
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity percentagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 13.64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Varieties i.e. Heba, Pleno, Beta 382 and Sibel registered the lowest values of disease severity percentage (11.77, 13.64, 14.90, and 16.40%, respectively).”
t1“Powdery Mildew Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta 382 disease severity was 14.90%.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Beta 382e0
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity percentagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 14.90e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Varieties i.e. Heba, Pleno, Beta 382 and Sibel registered the lowest values of disease severity percentage (11.77, 13.64, 14.90, and 16.40%, respectively).”
t1“Powdery Mildew Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Sibel disease severity was 16.40%.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Sibele0
- Interactor
- Powdery mildewt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity percentagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 16.40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Varieties i.e. Heba, Pleno, Beta 382 and Sibel registered the lowest values of disease severity percentage (11.77, 13.64, 14.90, and 16.40%, respectively).”
t1“Powdery Mildew Disease”
Claim · model-written summary
IR3 sugar yield was lower than IR2, at 2.78 versus 3.17 ton/fed.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IR3 water stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.78e0
- Qualifier
- 3.17e0
- Comparator
- IR2 water stress treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“IR3 water stress treatment registered lower yield (2.78 and 18.53 ton/fed) than IR2 water stress treatment (3.17 and 22.60 ton/fed)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR3 root yield was lower than IR2, at 18.53 versus 22.60 ton/fed.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IR3 water stress treatmente0
- Outcome
- root yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 18.53 ton/fede0
- Qualifier
- 22.60 ton/fede0
- Comparator
- IR2 water stress treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Withholding of irrigation had a significant effect (P< 0.05) on sugar and root yields so that IR3 water stress treatment registered lower yield (2.78 and 18.53 ton/fed) than IR2 water stress treatment (3.17 and 22.60 ton/fed)”
Claim · model-written summary
IR2 produced higher sugar content than IR3.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- IR2 water stresse0
- Outcome
- sugar contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- IR3 water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“sugar beet under IR2 water stress produced higher sugar content and less amino-N and Na accumulation in the root, as compared to IR3 water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
IR2 produced less amino-N accumulation in roots than IR3.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- IR2 water stresse0
- Outcome
- amino-Ne0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- IR3 water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“sugar beet under IR2 water stress produced higher sugar content and less amino-N and Na accumulation in the root, as compared to IR3 water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
IR2 produced less Na accumulation in roots than IR3.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- IR2 water stresse0
- Outcome
- Na accumulatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- IR3 water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“sugar beet under IR2 water stress produced higher sugar content and less amino-N and Na accumulation in the root, as compared to IR3 water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Heba root yield was 22.20 ton/fed.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Hebae0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 22.20 ton/fede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“The lowest disease severity percentage (11.77%) along with the best root yield (22.20 ton/fed) was observed in Heba variety.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heba, Beta382, and Sibel had the highest oxidative enzyme values.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Heba, Beta382, and Sibele0
- Outcome
- oxidative enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Sugar beet varieties i.e. Heba, Beta382, and Sibel registered the highest value of oxidative enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heba, Beta382, and Sibel were recommended as disease tolerant varieties.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Heba, Beta382, and Sibele1
- Outcome
- tolerant disease varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“we can be recommended these as tolerant disease varieties”
e1“Sugar beet varieties i.e. Heba, Beta382, and Sibel”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping irrigation was recommended to reduce powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Skipping one or more irrigation to reduce the powdery mildew diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Skipping one or more irrigation to reduce the powdery mildew disease was recommended.”
Claim · model-written summary
STI and GMP appear suitable for distinguishing water-stress tolerant sugar beet varieties.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- suitable selection index to distinguish tolerant sugar beet varieties for water stresse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“the stress tolerance index (STI) and of geometric mean productivity (GMP) appears to be a suitable selection index to distinguish tolerant sugar beet varieties for water stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeders should prioritize varieties with high root yield and extractable sugar across environments.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- varieties with high root yield in diverse environments and high extractable sugare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar beet”
e0“Breeders should focus on the performance of varieties with high root yield in diverse environments and high extractable sugar.”
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