Abstract
Abstract Shade stress severely limits plant growth and crop productivity. This study investigated the relationship between shade stress and nitrogen (N) accumulation in maize at different growth stages. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 with three shading treatments: from emergence stage (VE) to physiological maturity (R6) (whole‐season shade), from six‐leaf (V6) to tassel stage (VT) (midseason shade), and from VT to R6 (late‐season shade). Ambient sunlight was used as control (CK). Two hybrids, Zhengdan958 (ZD958) and Denghai 605 (DH605), were used. This study focused on accumulation and partition of dry matter (DM) and N based on the above treatments. Shading reduced DM and N accumulation of maize, which decreased yield. In addition, 15 N stable isotope tracing revealed that shading disrupted N accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization in different organs. The contents of grain 15 N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively. Our results indicate that yield decline can be mainly attributed to DM and that N accumulation and remobilization were disrupted by shading at different maize growth stages. Shading during the vegetative stage and reproductive stage reduced N accumulation, and shading during the reproductive stage mainly promoted N transport from other organs to grain, which mitigated some of the effects of reduced N absorption.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Shading reduced dry matter and N accumulation of maize relative to ambient sunlight in field experiments.
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- DM and N accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Ambient sunlighte2
- Setting
- Field experimentse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading reduced DM and N accumulation of maize, which decreased yield”
e1“Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 with three shading treatments”
e2“Ambient sunlight was used as control (CK)”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading decreased maize yield relative to ambient sunlight.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading reduced DM and N accumulation of maize, which decreased yield”
e2“Ambient sunlight was used as control (CK)”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading disrupted N accumulation, partitioning and remobilization in different maize organs, as traced with 15N.
- Organ / stage
- different organse0
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- N accumulation, partitioning, and remobilizatione0
- Direction
- disruptede0
- Qualifier
- 15 N stable isotope tracinge0
- Comparator
- Ambient sunlighte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15 N stable isotope tracing revealed that shading disrupted N accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization in different organs”
e1“Ambient sunlight was used as control (CK)”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-season shading decreased grain 15N content in ZD958 by 60 relative to CK.
- Material
- ZD958e0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- whole‐season shadee0
- Outcome
- contents of grain 15 Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 60e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of grain 15 N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Midseason shading decreased grain 15N content in ZD958 by 28 relative to CK.
- Material
- ZD958e0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- midseason shadee0
- Outcome
- contents of grain 15 Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 28e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of grain 15 N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-season shading decreased grain 15N content in ZD958 by 50% relative to CK.
- Material
- ZD958e0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- late‐season shadee0
- Outcome
- contents of grain 15 Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of grain 15 N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-season shading decreased grain 15N content in DH605 by 70 relative to CK.
- Material
- DH605e0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- whole‐season shadee0
- Outcome
- contents of grain 15 Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 70e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of grain 15 N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Midseason shading decreased grain 15N content in DH605 by 32 relative to CK.
- Material
- DH605e0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- midseason shadee0
- Outcome
- contents of grain 15 Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of grain 15 N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-season shading decreased grain 15N content in DH605 by 51% relative to CK.
- Material
- DH605e0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- late‐season shadee0
- Outcome
- contents of grain 15 Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of grain 15 N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during the vegetative and reproductive stages reduced N accumulation in maize.
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee0
- Treatment
- Shading during the vegetative stage and reproductive stagee0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Ambient sunlighte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading during the vegetative stage and reproductive stage reduced N accumulation”
e1“Ambient sunlight was used as control (CK)”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive-stage shading promoted N transport from other organs to the grain relative to ambient sunlight.
- Organ / stage
- other organse0
- Treatment
- shading during the reproductive stagee0
- Outcome
- N transport from other organs to graine0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- Ambient sunlighte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shading during the reproductive stage mainly promoted N transport from other organs to grain”
e1“Ambient sunlight was used as control (CK)”
t0“maize grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield decline under shading is mainly attributed to reduced dry matter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results indicate that yield decline can be mainly attributed to DM”
t0“maize grain yield”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.