Abstract
Antagonistic bacteria and fungi occurring on bean phylloplane were isolated and evaluated for their activity as bioagents against Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers. ex Pers.) Unger., the causativeof bean rust. Isolates of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. were selected. Four isolates of Bacillus spp. were purified and identified as Bacillus megaterium, B. pumilus, B. subtilis and B. thuringiensis. Also,four fungal isolates of Trichoderma spp. were purified and identified as Trichoderma album, T. hamatum, T. harzianum and T. viride. The inhibitory effect of the isolated bioagents as well as the essential plant oils of lemongrass, neem and thyme was assessed in vitro on the germination of the urediospore of the causal fungus. The inhibitory effect of Bacillus spp. ranged between 37.7-53.9%, Trichoderma spp. between 39.3-58.8% and the essential plant oils between 34.9 - 52.2%. Among Bacillus spp., B. thuringiensis recorded the highest inhibitory effect on urediospore germination of the causal fungus followed by B. subtilis then B. megaterium and P. pumilus. Among Trichoderma spp., T. viride gave the highest inhibition followed by T. harzianum then T. hamatum and T. album. Furthermore, among the essential oils, thyme oil resulted in the highest inhibitory effect followed by lemongrass oil then neem oil. Under greenhouse conditions, spraying bean plants withthe tested bioagents and the essential plant oils, five days before or after inoculation with U. appendiculatus urediospore significantly reduced the severity of the disease with significant increase in the produced green pods yield compared to the control. B. thuringiensis, T.viride and thyme oil were the most efficient treatments in reducing the severity of the infection with the disease and increasing the number of the produced pods and the weight/plant compared with control treatment. Therefore, they were used in another trial in different alternations in comparison with the fungicide Topas for management the disease. In addition, using of these treatments each alone was of low efficiency and produced low green pod yield. Meanwhile, the alternation among any of B. thuringiensis and T. viride with thyme oil showed the highest efficiency in reducing the disease and increasing the produced green pod yield nearby the efficiency of the fungicide Topas. In addition, the three oxidative-reductive enzymes, i.e.phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were greatly increased in the leaves of all treated plants compared with control treatment. Moreover, plants sprayed with thyme recorded the highest activity of the three enzymes followed by those sprayed with B. thuringiensis then T. viride and the fungicide Topas.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus species inhibited bean rust urediospore germination by 37.7–53.9% in vitro.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of Bacillus spp. ranged between 37.7-53.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma species inhibited bean rust urediospore germination by 39.3–58.8% in vitro.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma spp. between 39.3-58.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential plant oils inhibited bean rust urediospore germination by 34.9–52.2% in vitro.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the essential plant oils between 34.9 - 52.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Among Bacillus treatments, B. thuringiensis produced the greatest inhibition of urediospore germination.
- Interactor
- causal funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect on urediospore germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“B. thuringiensis recorded the highest inhibitory effect on urediospore germination of the causal fungus followed by B. subtilis then B. megaterium and P. pumilus”
Claim · model-written summary
Among Trichoderma treatments, T. viride gave the greatest urediospore inhibition.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“T. viride gave the highest inhibition followed by T. harzianum then T. hamatum and T. album”
Claim · model-written summary
Among essential oils, thyme oil gave the greatest inhibition.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“thyme oil resulted in the highest inhibitory effect followed by lemongrass oil then neem oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying bean with bioagents or essential oils before or after rust inoculation significantly reduced disease severity relative to controls.
- Taxon
- bean plantse0
- Treatment
- spraying bean plants withthe tested bioagents and the essential plant oilse0
- Interactor
- U. appendiculatus
.jpg?width=60)
Uromyces appendiculatuse0pathogen - Outcome
- severity of the diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“spraying bean plants withthe tested bioagents and the essential plant oils, five days before or after inoculation with U. appendiculatus urediospore significantly reduced the severity of the disease with significant increase in the produced green pods yield compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The same sprays significantly increased green pod yield relative to controls.
- Taxon
- bean plantse0
- Treatment
- spraying bean plants withthe tested bioagents and the essential plant oilse0
- Interactor
- U. appendiculatusUromyces appendiculatuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- produced green pods yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying bean plants withthe tested bioagents and the essential plant oils, five days before or after inoculation with U. appendiculatus urediospore significantly reduced the severity of the disease with significant increase in the produced green pods yield compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis, T. viride, and thyme oil were the most efficient treatments for reducing bean rust severity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“B. thuringiensis, T.viride and thyme oil were the most efficient treatments in reducing the severity of the infection with the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis, T. viride, and thyme oil most increased bean pod number and weight per plant relative to the control.
- Treatment
- B. thuringiensis, T.viride and thyme oile0
- Outcome
- number of the produced pods and the weight/plante0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“B. thuringiensis, T.viride and thyme oil were the most efficient treatments in reducing the severity of the infection with the disease and increasing the number of the produced pods and the weight/plant compared with control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternating B. thuringiensis or T. viride with thyme oil gave the greatest disease reduction, near Topas efficacy.
- Treatment
- alternation among any of B. thuringiensis and T. viride with thyme oile0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- fungicide Topase0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the alternation among any of B. thuringiensis and T. viride with thyme oil showed the highest efficiency in reducing the disease and increasing the produced green pod yield nearby the efficiency of the fungicide Topas”
Claim · model-written summary
Those alternating treatments also increased green pod yield to near Topas efficacy.
- Treatment
- alternation among any of B. thuringiensis and T. viride with thyme oile0
- Outcome
- produced green pod yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- fungicide Topase0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the alternation among any of B. thuringiensis and T. viride with thyme oil showed the highest efficiency in reducing the disease and increasing the produced green pod yield nearby the efficiency of the fungicide Topas”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated bean leaves showed greatly increased PAL, PO, and PPO activity relative to controls.
Verbatim
e0“phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were greatly increased in the leaves of all treated plants compared with control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Thyme spray produced the highest activities of all three oxidative enzymes, followed by B. thuringiensis, T. viride, and Topas.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- activity of the three enzymese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Verbatim
e0“plants sprayed with thyme recorded the highest activity of the three enzymes followed by those sprayed with B. thuringiensis then T. viride and the fungicide Topas”
The same questions in other papers
application · Uromyces appendiculatus · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.