Abstract
Faced with the deterioration of natural resources, current trends in agriculture are focused on seeking eco-friendly methods to improve plant growth promotion and crop productivity. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and humic substances can improve crop production in sustainable farming due to their various features. This study examined how humic acid (HA) and inoculation with PGPR (Bacillus megatorium and Bacillus subtilis) affect the agronomic performance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in a semi-arid environment. In the field experiments, PGPR inoculated and non-inoculated safflower seeds were cultivated in soil treated with humic acid (0, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha -1 ), alone or in combination. It was observed that PGPR and HA improved growth, yield parameters and seed mineral contents. Their plant growth responded positively to inoculation with Bacillus sp. strains owing to the N-fixing and P-solubilizing capabilities, whereas greatly positive response in the seed yield and quality was found when applied in combination with humic acids. The combined application of 300 and 400 kg ha -1 HA with Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced seed and oil yields by an average of 162% and 221% relative to the control plants. This study confirms that integrated management strategies can ensure higher crop productivity of safflower in sustainable and semi-arid environments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR and HA improved safflower growth.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- PGPR and HAe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was observed that PGPR and HA improved growth, yield parameters and seed mineral contents.”
t0“SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR and HA improved safflower yield parameters.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- PGPR and HAe0
- Outcome
- yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was observed that PGPR and HA improved growth, yield parameters and seed mineral contents.”
t0“SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR and HA improved safflower seed mineral contents.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- PGPR and HAe0
- Outcome
- seed mineral contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was observed that PGPR and HA improved growth, yield parameters and seed mineral contents.”
t0“SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Safflower growth responded positively to Bacillus inoculation, attributed to nitrogen fixing and phosphorus solubilizing.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Bacillus sp. strainse0
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp. strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth responded positivelye0
- Qualifier
- N-fixing and P-solubilizing capabilitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their plant growth responded positively to inoculation with Bacillus sp. strains owing to the N-fixing and P-solubilizing capabilities”
t0“SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application with humic acids gave a strongly positive response in safflower seed yield and quality.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- combination with humic acidse0
- Outcome
- seed yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- positive responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greatly positive response in the seed yield and quality was found when applied in combination with humic acids.”
t0“SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined HA at 300 and 400 kg ha -1 with Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced seed yield by an average of 162% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 300 and 400 kg ha -1 HA with Bacillus subtilis inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- seede0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 162%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of 300 and 400 kg ha -1 HA with Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced seed and oil yields by an average of 162% and 221% relative to the control plants.”
t0“SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined HA at 300 and 400 kg ha -1 with Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced oil yield by an average of 221% relative to controls.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 300 and 400 kg ha -1 HA with Bacillus subtilis inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- oil yieldse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 221%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of 300 and 400 kg ha -1 HA with Bacillus subtilis inoculation enhanced seed and oil yields by an average of 162% and 221% relative to the control plants.”
t0“SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.)”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.