Abstract
Effects of different drip irrigation on the growth, development and yield of spring soybean was carried out by measuring the growth index and soil physical characteristics index of spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). On the basis of natural precipitation in the same year, 4 drip irrigation levels, namely W1 (0 mm), W2 (200 mm), W3 (400 mm) and W4 (600 mm) were established. From flowering to the pod stage of soybean, a significant increase in the soil moisture and a reduction in the soil hardness and bulk density were observed. Though the difference between W3 and W4 was not significant, drip irrigation affected soil physical properties followed W4 > W3 > W2 > W1. Improved growth index including plant height, above-ground biomass and leaf area of soybean was also observed, but excessive drip irrigation triggered the decline of leaf area index and above-ground biomass. Changes caused in the soil physical properties due to drip irrigation affected soybean growth, which resulted a positive action on yield. Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively. Based on the results of the present experiment it was observed that W3 treatment (irrigation rate 400 mm) was the best one for the improved crop yield of soybean.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
From flowering to pod stage, drip irrigation increased soil moisture.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- flowering to the pod stagee0
- Treatment
- drip irrigatione1
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From flowering to the pod stage of soybean, a significant increase in the soil moisture and a reduction in the soil hardness and bulk density were observed.”
e1“Effects of different drip irrigation on the growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation reduced soil hardness.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- flowering to the pod stagee0
- Treatment
- drip irrigatione1
- Outcome
- soil hardnesse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From flowering to the pod stage of soybean, a significant increase in the soil moisture and a reduction in the soil hardness and bulk density were observed.”
e1“Effects of different drip irrigation on the growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation reduced bulk density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- flowering to the pod stagee0
- Treatment
- drip irrigatione1
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From flowering to the pod stage of soybean, a significant increase in the soil moisture and a reduction in the soil hardness and bulk density were observed.”
e1“Effects of different drip irrigation on the growth”
Claim · model-written summary
W3 and W4 did not differ significantly in their effects on soil physical properties.
- Taxon
- spring soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- W4e0
- Outcome
- soil physical propertiese0
- Direction
- differencee0
- Qualifier
- W4 > W3 > W2 > W1e0
- Comparator
- W3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Though the difference between W3 and W4 was not significant, drip irrigation affected soil physical properties followed W4 > W3 > W2 > W1.”
t0“spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation improved soybean plant height, above-ground biomass and leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- plant height, above-ground biomass and leaf areae0
- Direction
- Improvede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improved growth index including plant height, above-ground biomass and leaf area of soybean was also observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess irrigation reduced soybean leaf area index.
- Taxon
- spring soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- excessive drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive drip irrigation triggered the decline of leaf area index and above-ground biomass”
t0“spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess irrigation reduced soybean above-ground biomass.
- Taxon
- spring soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- excessive drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- above-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive drip irrigation triggered the decline of leaf area index and above-ground biomass”
t0“spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in soil physical properties from irrigation positively affected soybean growth and yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- soil physical propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes caused in the soil physical properties due to drip irrigation affected soybean growth, which resulted a positive action on yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
W3 increased soybean yield in 2015 by 83.68 relative to W1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- W3e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83.68e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Comparator
- W1 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
W3 increased soybean yield in 2016 by 46.99% relative to W1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- W3e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 46.99%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Comparator
- W1 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
W4 increased soybean yield in 2015 by 61.58 relative to W1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- W4e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.58e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Comparator
- W1 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
W4 increased soybean yield in 2016 by 39.47% relative to W1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- W4e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.47%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Comparator
- W1 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
W2 increased soybean yield in 2015 by 23.51 relative to W1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- W2e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23.51e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Comparator
- W1 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
W2 increased soybean yield in 2016 by 20.21% relative to W1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- W2e0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.21%e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Comparator
- W1 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified W3 at 400 mm as the best treatment for soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- W3 treatment (irrigation rate 400 mm)e0
- Outcome
- improved crop yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“W3 treatment (irrigation rate 400 mm) was the best one for the improved crop yield of soybean.”
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