Abstract
Postharvest loss is a serious problem in rice, and the loss during storage period can account for the majority of the postharvest loss. Traditional methods of storing paddy rice are vulnerable to insect and fungal infestations, leading to a considerable deterioration in rice quality. Here we focus on low-temperature storage to improve the storage efficacy of rice. Laboratory experiments were conducted to appraise the effects of storage temperature (traditional, cold and freeze storage) and period (6, 12, 18 and 24 months) on the storage efficacy such as pest and fungal infestations, germination success and physical quality of rice grains, using 11 paddy rice cultivars. Insect and fungal infestations significantly increased whereas germination success and rice quality were reduced, with increasing storage periods. Traditional storage of rice grains resulted in the highest levels of insect and fungal infestations caused by rice weevil, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora oryzae and Fusarium spp., while germination success and rice quality were relatively low. In contrast, cold storage satisfactorily lowered insect and fungal infestations while maximizing 1000-grain weight, germination success, hulling, milling and head rice. Although freeze storage of rice grains minimized the infestation levels, the other efficacy indices were inferior to those of cold storage. The impacts of the storage temperature and period were complicated depending on rice cultivars, which suggested that a further improvement of efficacy was possible by choosing the best cultivar suitable for storage. It is concluded that the cold storage (5C) can achieve the best storage efficacy to preserve the rice grains quality when storage period is up to 24 months.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Insect infestations increased with longer rice storage.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- Insect and fungal infestationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- storage periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect and fungal infestations significantly increased whereas germination success and rice quality were reduced, with increasing storage periods”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infestations increased with longer rice storage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- fungal infestationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- storage periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect and fungal infestations significantly increased whereas germination success and rice quality were reduced, with increasing storage periods”
Claim · model-written summary
germination success declined as rice storage periods increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- germination successe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- storage periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect and fungal infestations significantly increased whereas germination success and rice quality were reduced, with increasing storage periods”
Claim · model-written summary
rice quality declined as rice storage periods increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice qualitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- storage periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect and fungal infestations significantly increased whereas germination success and rice quality were reduced, with increasing storage periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional storage had the highest infestation by rice weevil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Traditional storagee0
- Interactor
- rice weevil
Sitophilus oryzaee0pest - Outcome
- highest levels of insect and fungal infestationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional storage of rice grains resulted in the highest levels of insect and fungal infestations caused by rice weevil, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora oryzae and Fusarium spp., while germination success and rice quality were relatively low”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional storage had the highest infestation by Alternaria sp..
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Traditional storagee0
- Interactor
- Alternaria sp.
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- highest levels of insect and fungal infestationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional storage of rice grains resulted in the highest levels of insect and fungal infestations caused by rice weevil, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora oryzae and Fusarium spp., while germination success and rice quality were relatively low”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional storage had the highest infestation by Nigrospora oryzae.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Traditional storagee0
- Interactor
- Nigrospora oryzaeNigrospora oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- highest levels of insect and fungal infestationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional storage of rice grains resulted in the highest levels of insect and fungal infestations caused by rice weevil, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora oryzae and Fusarium spp., while germination success and rice quality were relatively low”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional storage had the highest infestation by Fusarium spp..
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Traditional storagee0
- Outcome
- highest levels of insect and fungal infestationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional storage of rice grains resulted in the highest levels of insect and fungal infestations caused by rice weevil, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora oryzae and Fusarium spp., while germination success and rice quality were relatively low”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional storage left rice germination success relatively low.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Traditional storagee0
- Outcome
- germination successe0
- Direction
- relatively lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional storage of rice grains resulted in the highest levels of insect and fungal infestations caused by rice weevil, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora oryzae and Fusarium spp., while germination success and rice quality were relatively low”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional storage left rice rice quality relatively low.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Traditional storagee0
- Outcome
- rice qualitye0
- Direction
- relatively lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional storage of rice grains resulted in the highest levels of insect and fungal infestations caused by rice weevil, Alternaria sp., Nigrospora oryzae and Fusarium spp., while germination success and rice quality were relatively low”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage lowered insect and fungal infestations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cold storagee0
- Outcome
- insect and fungal infestationse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold storage satisfactorily lowered insect and fungal infestations while maximizing 1000-grain weight, germination success, hulling, milling and head rice”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage maximized rice 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cold storagee0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- maximizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold storage satisfactorily lowered insect and fungal infestations while maximizing 1000-grain weight, germination success, hulling, milling and head rice”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage maximized rice germination success.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cold storagee0
- Outcome
- germination successe0
- Direction
- maximizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold storage satisfactorily lowered insect and fungal infestations while maximizing 1000-grain weight, germination success, hulling, milling and head rice”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage maximized rice hulling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cold storagee0
- Outcome
- hullinge0
- Direction
- maximizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold storage satisfactorily lowered insect and fungal infestations while maximizing 1000-grain weight, germination success, hulling, milling and head rice”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage maximized rice milling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cold storagee0
- Outcome
- millinge0
- Direction
- maximizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold storage satisfactorily lowered insect and fungal infestations while maximizing 1000-grain weight, germination success, hulling, milling and head rice”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage maximized rice head rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cold storagee0
- Outcome
- head ricee0
- Direction
- maximizinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold storage satisfactorily lowered insect and fungal infestations while maximizing 1000-grain weight, germination success, hulling, milling and head rice”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Freeze storage minimized rice infestation levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- freeze storagee0
- Outcome
- infestation levelse0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although freeze storage of rice grains minimized the infestation levels, the other efficacy indices were inferior to those of cold storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Other storage efficacy indices under freeze storage were inferior to cold storage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- freeze storagee0
- Outcome
- other efficacy indicese0
- Direction
- inferiore0
- Comparator
- cold storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although freeze storage of rice grains minimized the infestation levels, the other efficacy indices were inferior to those of cold storage”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of storage temperature and period differed by rice cultivar.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- rice cultivarse0
- Outcome
- impacts of the storage temperature and periode0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The impacts of the storage temperature and period were complicated depending on rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold storage at 5C is recommended for preserving rice grain quality for up to 24 months.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cold storage (5C)e0
- Outcome
- best storage efficacy to preserve the rice grains qualitye0
- Qualifier
- up to 24 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cold storage (5C) can achieve the best storage efficacy to preserve the rice grains quality when storage period is up to 24 months”
The same questions in other papers
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storage · Sitophilus oryzae · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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cold · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 17 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.