Abstract
Abstract Florpyrauxifen-benzyl has generated complaints and concerns around rice injury and off-target movement to soybean since its commercial launch in 2018. Developing a precise method for applying florpyrauxifen-benzyl was imperative for its continued use. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate rice weed control as influenced by preflood application interval and flood loss following florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 30 g ai ha −1 applied as a spray or coated on urea. In a preflood application experiment, coating florpyrauxifen-benzyl on urea and applying it the day of flood establishment and 5 and 10 d prior to flooding (DPTF) resulted in lower yellow nutsedge, broadleaf signalgrass, and barnyardgrass control than when the herbicide was spray at 3 and 5 wk after final treatment (WAFT). Coating florpyrauxifen-benzyl onto urea provided only 61% to 63% yellow nutsedge control at 3 and 5 WAFT, which was 35 to 37 percentage points lower than when the spray was applied at 5 or 10 DPTF. Likewise, rice yields following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated onto urea were 1,200 kg ha −1 less than yields following spray applications. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated onto urea and clomazone provided lower levels of weed control than spraying the herbicide alone, suggesting an explanation for the yield losses. The timing of flood loss experiment suggested that when florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated onto urea at 30 g ai ha −1 was applied preflood and flood was relinquished at 2 h, 24 h, and 7 d after flood establishment, hemp sesbania and yellow nutsedge control were not affected. However, loss of floodwater 2 h after flood establishment resulted in lower barnyardgrass control than when the flood was lost 24 h and 7 d after flooding. Generally, the period between a herbicide application and flooding completion should be minimized to aid in weed control. These results indicate the importance of maintaining a flood for weed control and nutrient management.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Urea coating gave lower control of yellow nutsedge, broadleaf signalgrass, and barnyardgrass than spraying at 3 and 5 weeks after treatment.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- coating florpyrauxifen-benzyl on ureae0
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Second interactor
- broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae0weed - Outcome
- yellow nutsedge, broadleaf signalgrass, and barnyardgrass controle0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- barnyardgrasse0
- Comparator
- when the herbicide was spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coating florpyrauxifen-benzyl on urea and applying it the day of flood establishment and 5 and 10 d prior to flooding (DPTF) resulted in lower yellow nutsedge, broadleaf signalgrass, and barnyardgrass control than when the herbicide was spray at 3 and 5 wk after final treatment (WAFT)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated herbicide gave 61% to 63% yellow nutsedge control, 35 to 37 percentage points below spray at 5 or 10 days before flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Coating florpyrauxifen-benzyl onto ureae0
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- yellow nutsedge controle0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 61% to 63%e0
- Qualifier
- 35 to 37 percentage pointse0
- Comparator
- the spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coating florpyrauxifen-benzyl onto urea provided only 61% to 63% yellow nutsedge control at 3 and 5 WAFT, which was 35 to 37 percentage points lower than when the spray was applied at 5 or 10 DPTF”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield after coated herbicide was 1,200 kg ha −1 below yield after spray.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated onto ureae0
- Outcome
- rice yieldse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 1,200 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- spray applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yields following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated onto urea were 1,200 kg ha −1 less than yields following spray applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Coated florpyrauxifen-benzyl with clomazone gave lower weed control than spraying herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated onto urea and clomazonee0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- spraying the herbicide alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Florpyrauxifen-benzyl coated onto urea and clomazone provided lower levels of weed control than spraying the herbicide alone”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Flood loss at 2 hours, 24 hours, or 7 days did not affect hemp sesbania or yellow nutsedge control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- flood was relinquished at 2 h, 24 h, and 7 d after flood establishmente0
- Interactor
- hemp sesbaniae0weed
- Second interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- hemp sesbania and yellow nutsedge controle0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flood was relinquished at 2 h, 24 h, and 7 d after flood establishment, hemp sesbania and yellow nutsedge control were not affected”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Losing floodwater 2 hours after establishment gave lower barnyardgrass control than loss at 24 hours or 7 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- loss of floodwater 2 h after flood establishmente0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- barnyardgrass controle0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the flood was lost 24 h and 7 d after floodinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of floodwater 2 h after flood establishment resulted in lower barnyardgrass control than when the flood was lost 24 h and 7 d after flooding”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend minimizing time between herbicide application and completing flooding to aid weed control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- the period between a herbicide application and flooding completion should be minimized to aid in weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the period between a herbicide application and flooding completion should be minimized to aid in weed control”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors emphasize maintaining a flood for weed control and nutrient management.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- maintaining a flood for weed control and nutrient managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“importance of maintaining a flood for weed control and nutrient management”
t0“rice”
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