Abstract
Abstract The commercialization of Roundup Ready Xtend and Enlist cropping systems increased the number of herbicide products available for postemergence application in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). A greater understanding of how glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, and 2,4‐D interact in mixture is needed. Two field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, AR, to evaluate herbicide interactions that could occur in Enlist and Roundup Ready Xtend cropping systems. Various rates and combinations of glufosinate, glyphosate, dicamba, and 2,4‐D were applied and evaluated for percent weed control 5 wk after treatment (WAT). In the 2,4‐D experiment, glyphosate (dimethylamine salt) at 0.75 lb ae ac −1 provided 88% barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.] control, whereas a premixture of glyphosate at 0.75 lb ae ac −1 + 2,4‐D at 0.70 lb ae ac −1 provided 80% control 5 WAT. Similarly, in the dicamba experiment, glyphosate (potassium salt) at 0.77 lb ae ac −1 provided 86% barnyardgrass control, compared to 79% with glyphosate at 0.77 lb ae ac −1 + dicamba at 0.5 lb ae ac −1 . Antagonism was also identified for mixtures of glufosinate + glyphosate for barnyardgrass in both experiments. For Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri , S. Wats) and prickly sida [ Sida spinosa (L.)] control, mixtures were generally equal to or greater than the individual herbicides alone, even though some mixtures were deemed antagonistic. Herbicide applicators in Roundup Ready Xtend or Enlist systems should be aware of antagonistic interactions and the implications of antagonism on herbicide resistance management.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The glyphosate and 2,4-D mixture controlled barnyardgrass at 80%, versus 88% for glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- premixture of glyphosate at 0.75 lb ae ac −1 + 2,4‐D at 0.70 lb ae ac −1e0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.] controle0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Qualifier
- 88%e0
- Comparator
- glyphosate (dimethylamine salt) at 0.75 lb ae ac −1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate (dimethylamine salt) at 0.75 lb ae ac −1 provided 88% barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.] control, whereas a premixture of glyphosate at 0.75 lb ae ac −1 + 2,4‐D at 0.70 lb ae ac −1 provided 80% control 5 WAT”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The glyphosate and dicamba mixture controlled barnyardgrass at 79%, versus 86% for glyphosate alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate at 0.77 lb ae ac −1 + dicamba at 0.5 lb ae ac −1e0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- barnyardgrass controle0
- Value
- 79%e0
- Qualifier
- 86%e0
- Comparator
- glyphosate (potassium salt) at 0.77 lb ae ac −1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate (potassium salt) at 0.77 lb ae ac −1 provided 86% barnyardgrass control, compared to 79% with glyphosate at 0.77 lb ae ac −1 + dicamba at 0.5 lb ae ac −1”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate and glyphosate mixtures were antagonistic for barnyardgrass control in both experiments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixtures of glufosinate + glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- Antagonisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antagonism was also identified for mixtures of glufosinate + glyphosate for barnyardgrass in both experiments”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures generally matched or exceeded individual herbicides for Palmer amaranth control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixturese0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri , S. Wats)e0
- Direction
- equal to or greatere0
- Comparator
- individual herbicides alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri , S. Wats) and prickly sida [ Sida spinosa (L.)] control, mixtures were generally equal to or greater than the individual herbicides alone”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures generally matched or exceeded individual herbicides for prickly sida control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixturese0
- Interactor
- prickly sidae0weed
- Outcome
- prickly sida [ Sida spinosa (L.)] controle0
- Direction
- equal to or greatere0
- Comparator
- individual herbicides alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri , S. Wats) and prickly sida [ Sida spinosa (L.)] control, mixtures were generally equal to or greater than the individual herbicides alone”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Applicators should account for herbicide antagonism in resistance management.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- should be aware of antagonistic interactions and the implications of antagonism on herbicide resistance managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide applicators in Roundup Ready Xtend or Enlist systems should be aware of antagonistic interactions and the implications of antagonism on herbicide resistance management”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
dicamba · Echinochloa crus-galli · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
glyphosate · Echinochloa crus-galli · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →2,4-D · Echinochloa crus-galli · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.