Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of extracts of Nerium oleander, Eucalyptus chamadulonsis and Citrullus colocynthis against bacterial spot disease of tomato and to investigate the induction of resistance by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in order to promote a sustainable management system. The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol plant extracts was tested against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, isolate PHYXV3, in vitro and in vivo. The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with C. colocynthis, N. oleander and E. chamadulonsis, respectively. In vivo, ethanol extracts of N. oleander and E. chamadulonsis were more effective than aqueous extracts in reducing pathogen populations on tomato leaves. Under greenhouse conditions, application of the plant extracts at 15% (v/v) to tomato plants significantly reduced disease severity and increased the shoot weight of ‘Super Marmande’ tomato. In most cases, plant extracts significantly increased total phenol and salicylic acid content of tomato plants compared to either healthy or infected ones. In addition, C. colocynthis and E. chamadulonsis extracts significantly increased peroxidase activity while only E. chamadulonsis increased polyphenol oxidase after infection with the causal agent. The results indicated that the plant extracts showed promising antibacterial activity and could be considered an effective tool in integrated management programs for a sustainable system of tomato bacterial spot control.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
C. colocynthis showed the highest in vitro antibacterial activity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with C. colocynthis, N. oleander and E. chamadulonsis, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N. oleander ranked second for in vitro antibacterial activity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with C. colocynthis, N. oleander and E. chamadulonsis, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
E. chamadulonsis ranked third for in vitro antibacterial activity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with C. colocynthis, N. oleander and E. chamadulonsis, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol N. oleander extracts reduced pathogen populations on tomato leaves more than aqueous extracts.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- ethanol extracts of N. oleandere0
- Outcome
- pathogen populations on tomato leavese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- aqueous extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethanol extracts of N. oleander and E. chamadulonsis were more effective than aqueous extracts in reducing pathogen populations on tomato leaves”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol E. chamadulonsis extracts reduced pathogen populations on tomato leaves more than aqueous extracts.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ethanol extracts of N. oleander and E. chamadulonsise0
- Outcome
- pathogen populations on tomato leavese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- aqueous extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethanol extracts of N. oleander and E. chamadulonsis were more effective than aqueous extracts in reducing pathogen populations on tomato leaves”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts at 15% reduced tomato bacterial spot severity in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plant extracts at 15% (v/v)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, application of the plant extracts at 15% (v/v) to tomato plants significantly reduced disease severity and increased the shoot weight of ‘Super Marmande’ tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts at 15% increased shoot weight of Super Marmande tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- ‘Super Marmande’e0
- Treatment
- plant extracts at 15% (v/v)e0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, application of the plant extracts at 15% (v/v) to tomato plants significantly reduced disease severity and increased the shoot weight of ‘Super Marmande’ tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts usually increased total phenol content relative to healthy or infected tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plant extractse0
- Outcome
- total phenole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- In most casese0
- Comparator
- healthy or infected onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, plant extracts significantly increased total phenol and salicylic acid content of tomato plants compared to either healthy or infected ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts usually increased salicylic acid content relative to healthy or infected tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plant extractse0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- In most casese0
- Comparator
- healthy or infected onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, plant extracts significantly increased total phenol and salicylic acid content of tomato plants compared to either healthy or infected ones”
Claim · model-written summary
C. colocynthis extract increased peroxidase activity after infection.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- C. colocynthise0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. colocynthis and E. chamadulonsis extracts significantly increased peroxidase activity while only E. chamadulonsis increased polyphenol oxidase after infection with the causal agent”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
E. chamadulonsis extract increased peroxidase activity after infection.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- E. chamadulonsis extractse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. colocynthis and E. chamadulonsis extracts significantly increased peroxidase activity while only E. chamadulonsis increased polyphenol oxidase after infection with the causal agent”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Only E. chamadulonsis extract increased polyphenol oxidase after infection.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- E. chamadulonsise0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only E. chamadulonsis increased polyphenol oxidase after infection with the causal agent”
t0“Tomato Plants”
The same questions in other papers
Citrullus colocynthis · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →botanical · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →botanical · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
100 papers more in this group
See all 104 papers →botanical · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
145 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
156 papers more in this group
See all 160 papers →botanical · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
202 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
287 papers more in this group
See all 291 papers →botanical · physiology: hormones · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.