Abstract
Limited P availability in several agricultural areas is one of the key challenges facing current agriculture. Exploiting P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) has been an emerging bio-solution for a higher rhizosphere P-availability, meanwhile the above- and below-ground interactions that PSB would trigger remain unclear over plant growing stages. We hypothesized that PSB effects on plant growth may be greater on root traits that positively links with aboveground physiology more than the commonly believed rhizosphere P bio-solubilization. In this study, five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates (low “PSB1”, moderate “PSB2 and PSB4” and high “PSB3 and PSB5” P-solubilizing capacity “PSC”) were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions. Our findings show that all PSB isolates increased wheat root traits, particularly PSB5 which increased root biomass and PSB3 that had a greater effect on root diameter in 7-, 15- and 42-day old plants. The length, surface and volume of roots significantly increased along with higher rhizosphere available P in 15- and 42-day old plants inoculated with PSB4 and PSB2. Shoot biomass significantly increased with both PSB2 and PSB5. Root and shoot physiology significantly improved with PSB1 (lowest PSC) and PSB4 (moderate PSC), notably shoot total P (78.38%) and root phosphatase activity (390%). Moreover, nutrients acquisition and chlorophyll content increased in inoculated plants and was stimulated (PSB2, PSB4) more than rhizosphere P-solubilization, which was also revealed by the significant above- and below-ground inter-correlations, mainly chlorophyll and both total (R=0.75, p=0.001**) and intracellular (R=0.7, p=0.000114*) P contents. These findings demonstrate the necessity to timely monitor the plant-rhizosphere continuum responses, which may be a relevant approach necessary to accurately evaluate PSB through considering below- and above-ground relationships; thus enabling unbiased interpretations prior to field applications.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
All PSB isolates increased wheat root traits.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- PSB isolatese3
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.
Pseudomonase1symbiont - Outcome
- root traitse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- controlled conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e3“all PSB isolates increased wheat root traits”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB5 increased wheat root biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB5e4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e4“PSB5 which increased root biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB3 had a greater effect on wheat root diameter in 7-, 15- and 42-day old plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- 7-, 15- and 42-day old plantse5
- Treatment
- PSB3e5
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- root diametere5
- Direction
- greatere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e5“PSB3 that had a greater effect on root diameter in 7-, 15- and 42-day old plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB2 significantly increased the length, surface and volume of wheat roots in 15- and 42-day old plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- 15- and 42-day old plantse6
- Treatment
- PSB2e6
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- length, surface and volume of rootse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e6“The length, surface and volume of roots significantly increased along with higher rhizosphere available P in 15- and 42-day old plants inoculated with PSB4 and PSB2”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB4 significantly increased the length, surface and volume of wheat roots in 15- and 42-day old plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- 15- and 42-day old plantse6
- Treatment
- PSB4e6
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- length, surface and volume of rootse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e6“The length, surface and volume of roots significantly increased along with higher rhizosphere available P in 15- and 42-day old plants inoculated with PSB4 and PSB2”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB2 increased rhizosphere available P in 15- and 42-day old wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- 15- and 42-day old plantse6
- Treatment
- PSB2e6
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere available Pe6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e6“The length, surface and volume of roots significantly increased along with higher rhizosphere available P in 15- and 42-day old plants inoculated with PSB4 and PSB2”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB4 increased rhizosphere available P in 15- and 42-day old wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- 15- and 42-day old plantse6
- Treatment
- PSB4e6
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere available Pe6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e6“The length, surface and volume of roots significantly increased along with higher rhizosphere available P in 15- and 42-day old plants inoculated with PSB4 and PSB2”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB2 significantly increased wheat shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB2e7
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- Shoot biomasse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e7“Shoot biomass significantly increased with both PSB2 and PSB5”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB5 significantly increased wheat shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB5e7
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- Shoot biomasse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e7“Shoot biomass significantly increased with both PSB2 and PSB5”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB1 significantly improved wheat root and shoot physiology.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB1 (lowest PSC)e4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- Root and shoot physiologye4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e4“Root and shoot physiology significantly improved with PSB1 (lowest PSC) and PSB4 (moderate PSC)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB4 significantly improved wheat root and shoot physiology.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB4 (moderate PSC)e4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- Root and shoot physiologye4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e4“Root and shoot physiology significantly improved with PSB1 (lowest PSC) and PSB4 (moderate PSC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot total P rose by 78.38% with PSB1 and PSB4 treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB1 (lowest PSC) and PSB4 (moderate PSC)e4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot total Pe5
- Direction
- improvede4
- Value
- 78.38%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e4“Root and shoot physiology significantly improved with PSB1 (lowest PSC) and PSB4 (moderate PSC)”
e5“shoot total P (78.38%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root phosphatase activity rose by 390% with PSB1 and PSB4 treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB1 (lowest PSC) and PSB4 (moderate PSC)e4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- root phosphatase activitye5
- Direction
- improvede4
- Value
- 390%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e4“Root and shoot physiology significantly improved with PSB1 (lowest PSC) and PSB4 (moderate PSC)”
e5“root phosphatase activity (390%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient acquisition and chlorophyll content increased in inoculated wheat plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse3
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrients acquisition and chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e3“nutrients acquisition and chlorophyll content increased in inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB2 stimulated nutrient acquisition and chlorophyll content more than rhizosphere P-solubilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB2e4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrients acquisition and chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- stimulatede4
- Comparator
- rhizosphere P-solubilizatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e3“nutrients acquisition and chlorophyll content increased in inoculated plants”
e4“was stimulated (PSB2, PSB4) more than rhizosphere P-solubilization”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB4 stimulated nutrient acquisition and chlorophyll content more than rhizosphere P-solubilization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- PSB4e4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase1symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrients acquisition and chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- stimulatede4
- Comparator
- rhizosphere P-solubilizatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“five contrasting PSB (Pseudomonas spp.) isolates”
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e3“nutrients acquisition and chlorophyll content increased in inoculated plants”
e4“was stimulated (PSB2, PSB4) more than rhizosphere P-solubilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Above- and below-ground responses were significantly inter-correlated, with chlorophyll and total P (R=0.75).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Compound
- chlorophylle3
- Outcome
- above- and below-ground inter-correlationse3
- Value
- R=0.75e3
- Qualifier
- p=0.001**e3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e3“significant above- and below-ground inter-correlations, mainly chlorophyll and both total (R=0.75, p=0.001**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Above- and below-ground responses were significantly inter-correlated, with chlorophyll and intracellular P (R=0.7).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Compound
- chlorophylle3
- Outcome
- above- and below-ground inter-correlationse3
- Value
- R=0.7e4
- Qualifier
- p=0.000114*e4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e3“significant above- and below-ground inter-correlations, mainly chlorophyll and both total (R=0.75, p=0.001**)”
e4“intracellular (R=0.7, p=0.000114*) P contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Timely monitoring of plant-rhizosphere continuum responses is necessary to evaluate PSB accurately before field application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Outcome
- timely monitor the plant-rhizosphere continuum responsese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“were used to investigate above- and below-ground responses in wheat fertilized with rock P (RP) under controlled conditions”
e3“These findings demonstrate the necessity to timely monitor the plant-rhizosphere continuum responses”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Pseudomonas · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.