Abstract
While the general effect of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, N content, and yield has been documented, there is still some uncertainty as to whether there are interactive effects between CO2 enrichment and other factors, such as temperature, geographical location, water availability, and cultivar. In addition, the metabolic coordination between leaves and grains, which is crucial for crop responsiveness to elevated CO2, has never been examined closely. Here, we address these two aspects by multi-level analyses of data from several free-air CO2 enrichment experiments conducted in five different countries. There was little effect of elevated CO2 on yield (except in the USA), likely due to photosynthetic capacity acclimation, as reflected by protein profiles. In addition, there was a significant decrease in leaf amino acids (threonine) and macroelements (e.g. K) at elevated CO2, while other elements, such as Mg or S, increased. Despite the non-significant effect of CO2 enrichment on yield, grains appeared to be significantly depleted in N (as expected), but also in threonine, the S-containing amino acid methionine, and Mg. Overall, our results suggest a strong detrimental effect of CO2 enrichment on nutrient availability and remobilization from leaves to grains.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had little effect on wheat yield except in the USA.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Setting
- USAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was little effect of elevated CO2 on yield (except in the USA)”
t0“Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly decreased leaf threonine and K.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- leaf amino acids (threonine) and macroelements (e.g. K)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant decrease in leaf amino acids (threonine) and macroelements (e.g. K) at elevated CO2”
t0“Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Mg and S.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e1
- Outcome
- Mg or Se0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other elements, such as Mg or S, increased”
t0“Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat”
e1“There was little effect of elevated CO2 on yield (except in the USA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N, threonine, methionine and Mg were significantly depleted under CO2 enrichment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente1
- Outcome
- N (as expected), but also in threonine, the S-containing amino acid methionine, and Mge0
- Direction
- depletede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grains appeared to be significantly depleted in N (as expected), but also in threonine, the S-containing amino acid methionine, and Mg”
t0“Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat”
e1“Despite the non-significant effect of CO2 enrichment on yield”
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