Abstract
Weed infestation is a major factor attributed for the poor yield of soybean. Field experiments were therefore conducted to evaluate the influence of row spacing and weed control methods on weed dynamics, seed yield and profitability of soybean. The use of 50 cm row spacing reduced the density and biomass of grass weed species including Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum scrobiculatum with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns compared to 75 and 100 cm row spacing. However, some broad-leaved weed species like Commelina benghalensis, Gomphrena celosioides and Amaranthus spinosus were not controlled at 50 compared to 75 and 100 cm row spacing. Regardless of row spacing, herbicide (butachlor) application plus hoe weeding reduced total weed density and biomass with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns than two hoe weedings or sole herbicide application. The result suggests that narrow row spacing of 50 cm and integrated weed control by butachlor plus hoe weeding will improve weed control efficiency, productivity and profitability of soybean.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty cm row spacing reduced the density and biomass of grass weed species compared with 75 and 100 cm row spacing.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- 50 cm row spacinge1
- Interactor
- grass weed speciese1weed
- Outcome
- density and biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 75 and 100 cm row spacinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“The use of 50 cm row spacing reduced the density and biomass of grass weed species including Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum scrobiculatum with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns compared to 75 and 100 cm row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty cm row spacing gave higher soybean dry matter and seed yield than 75 and 100 cm row spacing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 50 cm row spacinge1
- Outcome
- soybean dry matter, seed yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- 75 and 100 cm row spacinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“The use of 50 cm row spacing reduced the density and biomass of grass weed species including Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum scrobiculatum with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns compared to 75 and 100 cm row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty cm row spacing gave higher revenue and marginal returns than 75 and 100 cm row spacing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 50 cm row spacinge1
- Outcome
- revenue and marginal returnse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- 75 and 100 cm row spacinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e1“The use of 50 cm row spacing reduced the density and biomass of grass weed species including Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum scrobiculatum with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns compared to 75 and 100 cm row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-leaved weeds (Commelina benghalensis, Gomphrena celosioides and Amaranthus spinosus) were not controlled at 50 cm row spacing compared with 75 and 100 cm.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- row spacinge2
- Interactor
- Commelina benghalensis, Gomphrena celosioides and Amaranthus spinosus
Commelina benghalensis
Amaranthus spinosus
Gomphrena celosioidese2weed - Outcome
- controllede2
- Direction
- not controllede2
- Comparator
- 75 and 100 cm row spacinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e2“However, some broad-leaved weed species like Commelina benghalensis, Gomphrena celosioides and Amaranthus spinosus were not controlled at 50 compared to 75 and 100 cm row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor application plus hoe weeding reduced total weed density and biomass, regardless of row spacing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicide (butachlor) application plus hoe weedinge3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- total weed density and biomasse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- Regardless of row spacinge3
- Comparator
- two hoe weedings or sole herbicide applicatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Regardless of row spacing, herbicide (butachlor) application plus hoe weeding reduced total weed density and biomass with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns than two hoe weedings or sole herbicide application”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor application plus hoe weeding gave higher soybean dry matter and seed yield than two hoe weedings or sole herbicide application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicide (butachlor) application plus hoe weedinge3
- Outcome
- soybean dry matter, seed yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- two hoe weedings or sole herbicide applicatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Regardless of row spacing, herbicide (butachlor) application plus hoe weeding reduced total weed density and biomass with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns than two hoe weedings or sole herbicide application”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor application plus hoe weeding gave higher revenue and marginal returns than two hoe weedings or sole herbicide application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- herbicide (butachlor) application plus hoe weedinge3
- Outcome
- revenue and marginal returnse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- two hoe weedings or sole herbicide applicatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max L.)”
e3“Regardless of row spacing, herbicide (butachlor) application plus hoe weeding reduced total weed density and biomass with subsequently higher soybean dry matter, seed yield, revenue and marginal returns than two hoe weedings or sole herbicide application”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow row spacing of 50 cm and integrated weed control by butachlor plus hoe weeding will improve weed control efficiency, productivity and profitability of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- narrow row spacing of 50 cme4
- Outcome
- improve weed control efficiency, productivity and profitabilitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The result suggests that narrow row spacing of 50 cm and integrated weed control by butachlor plus hoe weeding will improve weed control efficiency, productivity and profitability of soybean”
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See all 460 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.