Abstract
Invasive species are considered as one of the major threats to ecosystems worldwide. Although invasive plants are regarded as a foe, they could be considered as natural resources for valuable bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from the invasive plant Argemone ochroleuca Sweet, collected from Saudi Arabia, as well as to evaluate its phytotoxic activity. Seventy-four compounds were characterized via GC-MS analysis of EO representing 98.75% of the overall mass. The oxygenated constituents (79.01%) were found as the main constituents, including mono- (43.27%), sesqui- (17.67%), and di-terpenes (0.53%), as well as hydrocarbons (16.81%) and carotenoids (0.73%). Additionally, 19.69% from the overall mass was characterized as non-oxygenated compounds with mono- (1.77%), sesquiterpenes (17.41%), and hydrocarbons (0.56%) as minors. From all identified constituents, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (25.71%), γ-cadinene (11.70%), oleic acid, methyl ester (7.37%), terpinene-4-ol (4.77%), dihydromyrcenol (2.90%), α-muurolene (1.77%), and γ-himachalene (1.56%) were found as abundant. The EO of A. ochroleuca showed significant phytotoxic activity against the test plant Lactuca sativa and the noxious weed Peganum harmala. The EO attained IC50 values of 92.1, 128.6, and 131.6 µL L−1 for seedling root growth, germination, and shoot growth of L. sativa, respectively, while it had IC50 values of 134.8, 145.7, and 147.9 µL L−1, respectively, for P. harmala. Therefore, this EO could be used as a bioherbicide against weeds, while further study is recommended for the characterization of the authentic materials of the main compounds in the EO as well as for the evaluation of potency of this oil on a field scale and the determination of its biosafety.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Argemone oil contained 74 characterized compounds representing 98.75% of its mass.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca Sweet
Argemone ochroleucae0 - Outcome
- Seventy-four compounds were characterizede1
- Value
- 98.75%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the essential oil (EO) from the invasive plant Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“Seventy-four compounds were characterized via GC-MS analysis of EO representing 98.75% of the overall mass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygenated constituents were the main oil constituents at 79.01%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- oxygenated constituentse1
- Value
- 79.01%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“The oxygenated constituents (79.01%) were found as the main constituents”
Claim · model-written summary
Mono-, sesqui- and di-terpenes comprised 43.27%, 17.67%, and 0.53% of oil mass, respectively.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- mono-e1
- Value
- 43.27%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“mono- (43.27%), sesqui- (17.67%), and di-terpenes (0.53%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesquiterpenes represented 17.67% in the oxygenated fraction.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- sesqui-e1
- Value
- 17.67%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“sesqui- (17.67%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Diterpenes represented 0.53% in the oxygenated fraction.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- di-terpenese1
- Value
- 0.53%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“di-terpenes (0.53%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrocarbons represented 16.81% of the listed oil constituents.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- hydrocarbonse1
- Value
- 16.81%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“hydrocarbons (16.81%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoids represented 0.73% of oil constituents.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse1
- Value
- 0.73%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“carotenoids (0.73%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonoxygenated compounds represented 19.69% of oil mass.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- non-oxygenated compoundse1
- Value
- 19.69%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“19.69% from the overall mass was characterized as non-oxygenated compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
The nonoxygenated fraction included 1.77% monoterpenes, 17.41% sesquiterpenes, and 0.56% hydrocarbons.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- mono-e1
- Value
- 1.77%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“mono- (1.77%), sesquiterpenes (17.41%), and hydrocarbons (0.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesquiterpenes comprised 17.41% of the nonoxygenated constituents.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- sesquiterpenese1
- Value
- 17.41%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“sesquiterpenes (17.41%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrocarbons comprised 0.56% of the nonoxygenated constituents.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- hydrocarbonse1
- Value
- 0.56%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“hydrocarbons (0.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trans-chrysanthenyl acetate was abundant at 25.71%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- trans-chrysanthenyl acetatee1
- Value
- 25.71%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (25.71%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma-cadinene was abundant at 11.70%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- γ-cadinenee1
- Value
- 11.70%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“γ-cadinene (11.70%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oleic acid methyl ester was abundant at 7.37%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- oleic acid, methyl estere1
- Value
- 7.37%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“oleic acid, methyl ester (7.37%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Terpinene-4-ol was abundant at 4.77%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- terpinene-4-ole1
- Value
- 4.77%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“terpinene-4-ol (4.77%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dihydromyrcenol was abundant at 2.90%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- dihydromyrcenole1
- Value
- 2.90%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“dihydromyrcenol (2.90%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-muurolene was abundant at 1.77%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- α-muurolenee1
- Value
- 1.77%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“α-muurolene (1.77%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma-himachalene was abundant at 1.56%.
- Taxon
- Argemone ochroleuca SweetArgemone ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- γ-himachalenee1
- Value
- 1.56%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Argemone ochroleuca Sweet”
e1“γ-himachalene (1.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Argemone oil significantly inhibited lettuce root growth, germination and shoot growth with IC50 values 92.1, 128.6 and 131.6 µL L−1, respectively.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- EO of A. ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- seedling root growth, germination, and shoot growth of L. sativae1
- Direction
- phytotoxice0
- Value
- 92.1, 128.6, and 131.6 µL L−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EO of A. ochroleuca showed significant phytotoxic activity against the test plant Lactuca sativa”
e1“The EO attained IC50 values of 92.1, 128.6, and 131.6 µL L−1 for seedling root growth, germination, and shoot growth of L. sativa, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Argemone oil significantly inhibited Peganum harmala with IC50 values 134.8, 145.7 and 147.9 µL L−1 for root growth, germination and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Peganum harmala
Peganum harmalae0 - Treatment
- EO of A. ochroleucae0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic activitye0
- Direction
- phytotoxice0
- Value
- 134.8, 145.7, and 147.9 µL L−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The EO of A. ochroleuca showed significant phytotoxic activity against the test plant Lactuca sativa and the noxious weed Peganum harmala.”
e1“it had IC50 values of 134.8, 145.7, and 147.9 µL L−1, respectively, for P. harmala.”
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