Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process. Inoculation with elite Bradyrhizobium strains greatly improves the supply of N to soybean; however, inoculation of large areas in short‐sowing windows delays the sowing process, demanding the development of technologies for pre‐inoculation. Here we report the evaluation of a liquid formulation containing cell protectors that proved, in four field experiments located in different edaphoclimatic conditions of Brazil, symbiotic performance comparable to the peat‐based inoculant, traditionally considered as the best carrier. The liquid inoculant was also effective when applied to seeds not treated with pesticides 15 days before sowing, providing efficient BNF and time‐flexibility to the farmers. Benefits of the liquid inoculant in improving grain yield were confirmed in two areas cropped for the first time and devoid of Bradyrhizobium , with an average increase of 89%, and also in two areas traditionally cropped with inoculated soybean, with an average increase of 6.8%, both in comparison to the non‐inoculated control without N‐fertilizers (NI). It is worth mentioning that, also in comparison to the NI control, the addition of 200 kg N ha −1 impacted grain yield in +54% and −1,8%, in new and traditional areas, respectively, indicating that BNF was more effective than the application of N‐fertilizer. Large increases in total N content in grains were observed as well in response to the liquid inoculant, on average 47% and 27%, when compared to the NI and NI + N controls, respectively.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid inoculant gave symbiotic performance comparable to the peat-based inoculant in four field experiments.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- liquid formulation containing cell protectorse2
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume4symbiont - Outcome
- symbiotic performancee3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- peat‐based inoculante3
- Setting
- four field experiments located in different edaphoclimatic conditions of Brazile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e1“in four field experiments located in different edaphoclimatic conditions of Brazil”
e2“a liquid formulation containing cell protectors”
e3“symbiotic performance comparable to the peat‐based inoculant”
e4“Inoculation with elite Bradyrhizobium strains”
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid inoculant was effective when applied to seeds 15 days before sowing, providing efficient biological nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- liquid inoculante5
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume4symbiont
- Outcome
- BNFe6
- Direction
- effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e4“Inoculation with elite Bradyrhizobium strains”
e5“The liquid inoculant was also effective when applied to seeds not treated with pesticides 15 days before sowing”
e6“providing efficient BNF”
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid inoculant increased grain yield by an average of 89% in two areas cropped for the first time and devoid of Bradyrhizobium, compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- liquid inoculante7
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume4symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- 89%e7
- Comparator
- non‐inoculated control without N‐fertilizers (NI)e1
- Setting
- two areas cropped for the first timee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e4“Inoculation with elite Bradyrhizobium strains”
e7“Benefits of the liquid inoculant in improving grain yield were confirmed in two areas cropped for the first time and devoid of Bradyrhizobium , with an average increase of 89%”
e1“both in comparison to the non‐inoculated control without N‐fertilizers (NI)”
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid inoculant increased grain yield by an average of 6.8% in two areas traditionally cropped with inoculated soybean, compared with the non-inoculated control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- liquid inoculante7
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume4symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 6.8%e2
- Comparator
- non‐inoculated control without N‐fertilizers (NI)e1
- Setting
- two areas traditionally cropped with inoculated soybeane2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e4“Inoculation with elite Bradyrhizobium strains”
e7“Benefits of the liquid inoculant in improving grain yield were confirmed in two areas cropped for the first time and devoid of Bradyrhizobium , with an average increase of 89%”
e1“both in comparison to the non‐inoculated control without N‐fertilizers (NI)”
e2“also in two areas traditionally cropped with inoculated soybean, with an average increase of 6.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 200 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield by +54% in new areas relative to the NI control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha −1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- +54%e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
- Comparator
- NI controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e1“also in comparison to the NI control, the addition of 200 kg N ha −1 impacted grain yield in +54% and −1,8%, in new and traditional areas, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 200 kg N ha−1 decreased grain yield by −1.8% in traditionally cropped areas relative to the NI control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 200 kg N ha −1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- −1,8%e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
- Comparator
- NI controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e1“also in comparison to the NI control, the addition of 200 kg N ha −1 impacted grain yield in +54% and −1,8%, in new and traditional areas, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid inoculant increased total grain N content by 47% compared with the NI control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- liquid inoculante1
- Outcome
- total N content in grainse1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 47%e1
- Comparator
- NIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e1“Large increases in total N content in grains were observed as well in response to the liquid inoculant, on average 47% and 27%, when compared to the NI and NI + N controls, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid inoculant increased total grain N content by 27% compared with the NI + N control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- liquid inoculante1
- Outcome
- total N content in grainse1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 27%e1
- Comparator
- NI + N controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen is a key nutrient for soybean cropping and can be fully supplied by the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process”
e1“Large increases in total N content in grains were observed as well in response to the liquid inoculant, on average 47% and 27%, when compared to the NI and NI + N controls, respectively”
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