Abstract
The continuous cropping barrier is an important factor leading to the decline of watermelon quality and yield. In this study, we focused on a bio-organic fertilizer prepared with one bacterial strain, Bacillus sp. XG-1, to prevent the occurrence of the continuous cropping barrier. The strain XG-1 was isolated from watermelon rhizosphere soil, and promoted the growth of watermelon by producing phytase (0.19 U/mL), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 7.31 mg/L), and gibberellins (GA3, 2.47 mg/L). In addition, the strain also possessed a strong antagonistic effect against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) by inhibiting conidia germination with an inhibition ratio of 85.3% and mycelium growth. The bio-organic fertilizer fermented by XG-1, based on cow manure compost and rapeseed meal (85:15, w/w) under optimal conditions, was mixed in soil (watermelon had been planted for two consecutive years). After the cultivation of watermelon for 50 d, a higher density of XG-1 (9.79 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/g) and one order of magnitude lower of Fon (1.29 × 103 copies/g) were detected in the rhizosphere soil compared with soils without bio-organic fertilizer (7.59 × 104 copies/g for Fon), leading to an 86.4% control efficiency of watermelon caused by Fusarium wilt. The application of bio-organic fertilizer enriched soil nutrients, including the organic matter (13.2%), total nitrogen (13.9%), total phosphorus (20.5%), and total potassium (3.77%), adjusted the soil pH from 6.69 to 7.01, and significantly improved the watermelon growth in terms of the seedling height, root length, fresh weight of seedling and root with increase of 78.8%, 72.2%, 84.6%, and 96.4%, respectively. This study regarded the watermelon continuous cropping soil as the research point, and focused on inhibiting Fon, regulating soil properties and enhancing watermelon growth to eliminate the continuous cropping barrier through a combination of compost and functional strains, demonstrating the potential application value in watermelon production.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
XG-1 produced phytase at 0.19 U/mL.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Interactor
- XG-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- phytasee0
- Value
- 0.19 U/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strain XG-1 was isolated from watermelon rhizosphere soil, and promoted the growth of watermelon by producing phytase (0.19 U/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
XG-1 produced IAA at 7.31 mg/L.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Interactor
- XG-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acide0
- Value
- 7.31 mg/Le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strain XG-1 was isolated from watermelon rhizosphere soil, and promoted the growth of watermelon by producing phytase (0.19 U/mL), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 7.31 mg/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
XG-1 produced gibberellins at 2.47 mg/L.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Interactor
- XG-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- gibberellinse0
- Value
- 2.47 mg/Le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strain XG-1 was isolated from watermelon rhizosphere soil, and promoted the growth of watermelon by producing phytase (0.19 U/mL), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 7.31 mg/L), and gibberellins (GA3, 2.47 mg/L).”
Claim · model-written summary
XG-1 inhibited Fon conidial germination by 85.3%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume0pathogen - Second interactor
- straine0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- conidia germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Value
- 85.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strain also possessed a strong antagonistic effect against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) by inhibiting conidia germination with an inhibition ratio of 85.3%”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
XG-1 inhibited Fon mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelium growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) by inhibiting conidia germination with an inhibition ratio of 85.3% and mycelium growth”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased rhizosphere XG-1 density to 9.79 × 105 CFU/g.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Interactor
- XG-1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- density of XG-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.79 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/ge0
- Comparator
- soils without bio-organic fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the cultivation of watermelon for 50 d, a higher density of XG-1 (9.79 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/g) and one order of magnitude lower of Fon (1.29 × 103 copies/g) were detected in the rhizosphere soil compared with soils without bio-organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer reduced rhizosphere Fon density to 1.29 × 103 copies/g.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Interactor
- Fone0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fone0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1.29 × 103 copies/ge0
- Qualifier
- 7.59 × 104 copies/g for Fone0
- Comparator
- soils without bio-organic fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the cultivation of watermelon for 50 d, a higher density of XG-1 (9.79 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/g) and one order of magnitude lower of Fon (1.29 × 103 copies/g) were detected in the rhizosphere soil compared with soils without bio-organic fertilizer (7.59 × 104 copies/g for Fon)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizer achieved 86.4% Fusarium wilt control efficiency.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- control efficiency of watermelon caused by Fusarium wilte0
- Value
- 86.4%e0
- Comparator
- soils without bio-organic fertilizere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils without bio-organic fertilizer (7.59 × 104 copies/g for Fon), leading to an 86.4% control efficiency of watermelon caused by Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased soil organic matter 13.2%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil nutrients, including the organic mattere0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Value
- 13.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of bio-organic fertilizer enriched soil nutrients, including the organic matter (13.2%)”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased soil total nitrogen 13.9%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total nitrogene0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Value
- 13.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of bio-organic fertilizer enriched soil nutrients, including the organic matter (13.2%), total nitrogen (13.9%)”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased soil total phosphorus 20.5%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total phosphoruse0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Value
- 20.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of bio-organic fertilizer enriched soil nutrients, including the organic matter (13.2%), total nitrogen (13.9%), total phosphorus (20.5%)”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased soil total potassium 3.77%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total potassiume0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Value
- 3.77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of bio-organic fertilizer enriched soil nutrients, including the organic matter (13.2%), total nitrogen (13.9%), total phosphorus (20.5%), and total potassium (3.77%)”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer adjusted soil pH from 6.69 to 7.01.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Value
- 6.69 to 7.01e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of bio-organic fertilizer enriched soil nutrients, including the organic matter (13.2%), total nitrogen (13.9%), total phosphorus (20.5%), and total potassium (3.77%), adjusted the soil pH from 6.69 to 7.01”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased seedling height 78.8%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizert0
- Outcome
- seedling heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 78.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly improved the watermelon growth in terms of the seedling height, root length, fresh weight of seedling and root with increase of 78.8%, 72.2%, 84.6%, and 96.4%, respectively.”
t0“bio-organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased root length 72.2%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizert0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 72.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly improved the watermelon growth in terms of the seedling height, root length, fresh weight of seedling and root with increase of 78.8%, 72.2%, 84.6%, and 96.4%, respectively.”
t0“bio-organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased seedling fresh weight 84.6%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizert0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of seedlinge0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 84.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly improved the watermelon growth in terms of the seedling height, root length, fresh weight of seedling and root with increase of 78.8%, 72.2%, 84.6%, and 96.4%, respectively.”
t0“bio-organic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased root fresh weight 96.4%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizert0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 96.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly improved the watermelon growth in terms of the seedling height, root length, fresh weight of seedling and root with increase of 78.8%, 72.2%, 84.6%, and 96.4%, respectively.”
t0“bio-organic fertilizer”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →fertilization · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →fertilization · Fusarium · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fertilization · soil: chemistry · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.