Abstract
Reseeding of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.) under unfavorable temperature (≈10 °C) is a common practice on golf putting greens and fairways. Seed priming to enhance germination and early emergence increases seeding success. Seed priming comparing abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), glycinebetaine (GB), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) has not been investigated in turfgrass. Our objective was to compare these chemical primers at three concentrations with water- and unprimed-seed at two competing germinating temperatures (10 vs. 25 °C). Two seed lots of ‘T-1’ creeping bentgrass were compared. Curve fitting of daily germination was used to compute days to 50% germination (D 50 ) and maximum germination percentage (G max ). Cold (10 °C) significantly inhibited emergence (higher D 50 ) more than G max . The effects of primers and their rates varied with the seed lot and temperature. Enhancement of seed germination measured as early emergence (lower D 50 ) and/or higher G max were only detected at 10 °C. Osmotic primers (GB and PEG) were most effective in promoting germination relative to unprimed seed followed by hormone primers (ABA and GA) with redox primers (H 2 O 2 ) least effective. Glycinebetaine primed seed was the only primer effective at all concentrations, with the 100 mм concentration the only concentration to enhance germination by increasing both G max and early emergence (lower D 50 ) compared with unprimed seed.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cold at 10 °C inhibited early emergence more than maximum germination.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferae1 - Treatment
- Cold (10 °C)e0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold (10 °C) significantly inhibited emergence (higher D 50 ) more than G max .”
e1“creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Primers enhanced germination only at 10 °C.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- Enhancemente0
- Qualifier
- only detected at 10 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhancement of seed germination measured as early emergence (lower D 50 ) and/or higher G max were only detected at 10 °C.”
e1“creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic primers were the most effective for germination compared with unprimed seed.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae1
- Treatment
- Osmotic primers (GB and PEG)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- unprimed seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Osmotic primers (GB and PEG) were most effective in promoting germination relative to unprimed seed followed by hormone primers (ABA and GA) with redox primers (H 2 O 2 ) least effective.”
e1“creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone primers ranked below osmotic primers for germination.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae1
- Treatment
- hormone primers (ABA and GA)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Osmotic primers (GB and PEG) were most effective in promoting germination relative to unprimed seed followed by hormone primers (ABA and GA) with redox primers (H 2 O 2 ) least effective.”
e1“creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Redox primers were least effective for germination.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae1
- Treatment
- redox primers (H 2 O 2 )e0
- Outcome
- least effectivee0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“redox primers (H 2 O 2 ) least effective.”
e1“creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine promoted germination at every tested concentration.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae1
- Treatment
- Glycinebetainee0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Qualifier
- at all concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycinebetaine primed seed was the only primer effective at all concentrations”
e1“creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine at 100 mм increased maximum germination and early emergence compared with unprimed seed.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae2
- Treatment
- Glycinebetaine primed seede1
- Outcome
- G max and early emergencee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 100 mмe0
- Comparator
- unprimed seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 100 mм concentration the only concentration to enhance germination by increasing both G max and early emergence (lower D 50 ) compared with unprimed seed.”
e1“Glycinebetaine primed seed”
e2“creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.)”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · growth · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cold · growth · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.