Abstract
In laboratory bioassays, this study evaluated the phytotoxic potential of Capparis spinosa organs (leaves, fruits and roots) aqueous extracts on germination and seedlings growth of Triticum aestavium and Raphanus sativus. The results suggested that C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels. However the reduction was varied and could be parts of the donor species and extract concentration dependent. This study also investigated the antifungal activities of three different solvents (ethanol, methanol and acetone) extracts of C. spinosa organs, these extracts were tested for their toxicity in vitro against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma viride at concentrations 10% (w/v). All C. spinosa organs extracts had different degrees of antifungal activity against the tested fungi, the highest antifungal activity was recorded for fruit ethanolic extract against Trichoderma whereas, acetone extract was the least effective extract against the tested fungi. Generally, tested fungi Trichoderma and Aspergillus were found to be more sensitive to C. spinosa organs extracts while Penicillium showed high resistance. The C. spinosa fruit ethanolic extract may be recommended as a potent bio-fungicide. Extensive studies should be undertaken for the ethanolic extract of C. spinosa organs as a strong antifungal agent against fungal plant diseases.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Capparis leaf aqueous extract reduced wheat germination and growth compared with control, increasingly with concentration.
Verbatim
e0“C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Capparis fruit aqueous extract reduced wheat germination and growth compared with control, increasingly with concentration.
Verbatim
e0“C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Capparis root aqueous extract reduced wheat germination and growth compared with control, increasingly with concentration.
Verbatim
e0“C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Capparis leaf aqueous extract reduced radish germination and growth compared with control, increasingly with concentration.
- Taxon
- R. sativus
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- C. spinosa leafe0
- Outcome
- germination percentage and all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Capparis fruit aqueous extract reduced radish germination and growth compared with control, increasingly with concentration.
- Taxon
- R. sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- fruite0
- Outcome
- germination percentage and all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Capparis root aqueous extract reduced radish germination and growth compared with control, increasingly with concentration.
- Taxon
- R. sativusRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- roots aqueous extracte0
- Outcome
- germination percentage and all growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The phytotoxic reduction varied with donor organ and extract concentration.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction was varied and could be parts of the donor species and extract concentration dependent”
t0“CAPPARIS SPINOSA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Capparis fruit ethanolic extract had the highest antifungal activity against Trichoderma.
- Taxon
- CAPPARIS SPINOSA L.t0
- Treatment
- fruit ethanolic extracte0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0 - Outcome
- antifungal activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest antifungal activity was recorded for fruit ethanolic extract against Trichoderma”
t0“CAPPARIS SPINOSA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extract was the least effective against the tested fungi.
Verbatim
e0“acetone extract was the least effective extract against the tested fungi”
t0“CAPPARIS SPINOSA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma and Aspergillus were more sensitive to Capparis organ extracts.
- Taxon
- C. spinosa
Capparis spinosae0 - Interactor
- Trichoderma and Aspergillus
AspergillusTrichodermae0 - Outcome
- more sensitivee0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma and Aspergillus were found to be more sensitive to C. spinosa organs extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium showed high resistance to Capparis organ extracts.
- Taxon
- CAPPARIS SPINOSA L.t0
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume0 - Outcome
- high resistancee0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penicillium showed high resistance”
t0“CAPPARIS SPINOSA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Capparis fruit ethanolic extract as a biofungicide.
- Taxon
- C. spinosaCapparis spinosae0
- Treatment
- fruit ethanolic extracte0
- Outcome
- potent bio-fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C. spinosa fruit ethanolic extract may be recommended as a potent bio-fungicide”
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botanical · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
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