Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in northern Greece during the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons to study interference between bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] or johnsongrass [ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers] and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) or corn ( Zea mays L.). Moreover, bioassay studies were also conducted to assess allelopathic potential of these two weeds on cotton and corn as well as on barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv.] and bristly foxtail [ Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.]. The bioassay experiments showed that cotton, barnyardgrass, and bristly foxtail germination, total fresh weight, and root length were inhibited by bermudagrass or johnsongrass extracts more than those of corn. In addition, johnsongrass extracts caused greater germination, fresh weight, and root length inhibition than bermudagrass extracts. In the field, growth and yield of cotton were reduced due to bermudagrass (200 and 400 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes) or johnsongrass (100 and 200 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes) season‐long interference 50 and 74% or 64 and 86%, respectively, averaged over the two weed densities. The corresponding corn losses were 46 and 30% or 62 and 41%, respectively. Both stem number and fresh weight of bermudagrass or johnsongrass increased with increasing interference duration, and they were greater where both weeds were grown with cotton than with corn. These results suggest that there is growth inhibition of both crops due to potential allelopathic substances released from the two perennial weeds, but cotton growth was inhibited more than corn. Furthermore, cotton and corn yield were reduced more by the johnsongrass interference compared with that caused by bermudagrass.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrass or johnsongrass extracts inhibited cotton germination, fresh weight and root length more than corn.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- bermudagrass or johnsongrass extractse0
- Interactor
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0weed - Outcome
- germination, total fresh weight, and root lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton, barnyardgrass, and bristly foxtail germination, total fresh weight, and root length were inhibited by bermudagrass or johnsongrass extracts more than those of corn”
t0“Cotton and Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrass or johnsongrass extracts inhibited barnyardgrass germination, fresh weight and root length more than corn.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Treatment
- bermudagrass or johnsongrass extractse0
- Outcome
- germination, total fresh weight, and root lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotton, barnyardgrass, and bristly foxtail germination, total fresh weight, and root length were inhibited by bermudagrass or johnsongrass extracts more than those of corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrass or johnsongrass extracts inhibited bristly foxtail germination, fresh weight and root length more than corn.
Verbatim
e0“cotton, barnyardgrass, and bristly foxtail germination, total fresh weight, and root length were inhibited by bermudagrass or johnsongrass extracts more than those of corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnsongrass extracts caused greater germination, fresh weight and root length inhibition than bermudagrass extracts.
- Treatment
- johnsongrass extractse0
- Outcome
- germination, fresh weight, and root length inhibitione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- bermudagrass extractse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“johnsongrass extracts caused greater germination, fresh weight, and root length inhibition than bermudagrass extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Season-long bermudagrass interference reduced cotton growth and yield by 50 and 74%, averaged over two densities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bermudagrass (200 and 400 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes)e0
- Interactor
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0weed
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50 and 74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield of cotton were reduced due to bermudagrass (200 and 400 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes) or johnsongrass (100 and 200 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes) season‐long interference 50 and 74% or 64 and 86%, respectively, averaged over the two weed densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Season-long johnsongrass interference reduced cotton growth and yield by 64 and 86%, averaged over two densities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- johnsongrass (100 and 200 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes)e0
- Interactor
- johnsongrass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee0weed - Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 64 and 86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield of cotton were reduced due to bermudagrass (200 and 400 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes) or johnsongrass (100 and 200 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes) season‐long interference 50 and 74% or 64 and 86%, respectively, averaged over the two weed densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrass interference caused corresponding corn growth and yield losses of 46 and 30%.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- bermudagrasse1
- Outcome
- corn lossese0
- Value
- 46 and 30%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The corresponding corn losses were 46 and 30% or 62 and 41%, respectively”
e1“growth and yield of cotton were reduced due to bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Johnsongrass interference caused corresponding corn growth and yield losses of 62 and 41%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- johnsongrasse1
- Outcome
- corn lossese0
- Value
- 62 and 41%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The corresponding corn losses were 46 and 30% or 62 and 41%, respectively”
e1“johnsongrass (100 and 200 stems m −2 from planted rhizomes)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrass and johnsongrass stem number and fresh weight increased as interference duration increased.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass or johnsongrassSorghum halepenseCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- interference duratione0
- Outcome
- stem number and fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both stem number and fresh weight of bermudagrass or johnsongrass increased with increasing interference duration”
Claim · model-written summary
Both weeds had greater stem number and fresh weight when grown with cotton than with corn.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass or johnsongrassSorghum halepenseCynodon dactylone1
- Outcome
- stem number and fresh weighte1
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they were greater where both weeds were grown with cotton than with corn”
e1“Both stem number and fresh weight of bermudagrass or johnsongrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest potential allelopathic substances from both perennial weeds inhibit growth of both crops, more strongly for cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- potential allelopathic substancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is growth inhibition of both crops due to potential allelopathic substances released from the two perennial weeds, but cotton growth was inhibited more than corn”
The same questions in other papers
Sorghum halepense · organism · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Sorghum halepense · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Cynodon dactylon · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Cynodon dactylon · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Sorghum halepense · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
botanical · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →botanical · growth · Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 45 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
55 papers more in this group
See all 59 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.