Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to examine the influence of increasing doses of chromium (Cr) (26, 39, and 52 mg kg −1 soil) and elemental sulfur (S) (60 mg kg −1 soil) on growth, yield, and mineral nutrition in wheat and maize. Macro- and micronutrients and Cr concentrations were determined in the aboveground parts of plants. All examined doses of Cr caused a marked decrease in the fresh and dry weight of maize. Wheat was more tolerant than maize, and lower Cr doses caused a small but statistically significant increase in the total yield. Wheat accumulated more than twofold Cr than maize, and the concentrations increased with higher Cr concentrations in the soil. The application of S significantly improved the total biomass production and lowered the Cr content in both plants. Cr changed the mineral nutrition in both cereals, but the pattern of changes observed was not the same. Applying S alleviated some adverse effects caused by the Cr. Hence, it is concluded that the application of elemental S may be an effective strategy to reduce adverse effects in plants grown on soil contaminated by heavy metals, especially Cr.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
All chromium doses decreased maize fresh and dry weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All examined doses of Cr caused a marked decrease in the fresh and dry weight of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat was more chromium tolerant than maize.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- tolerante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat was more tolerant than maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower chromium doses slightly but significantly increased wheat total yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lower Cr dosese0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower Cr doses caused a small but statistically significant increase in the total yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat accumulated more than twice as much chromium as maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat accumulated more than twofold Cr than maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant chromium concentration rose with soil chromium concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations increased with higher Cr concentrations in the soil.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur increased total biomass production in both cereals.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivum
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- application of Se0
- Outcome
- total biomass productione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of S significantly improved the total biomass production and lowered the Cr content in both plants.”
t0“maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur lowered chromium content in both cereals.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- application of Se0
- Outcome
- Cr contente0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of S significantly improved the total biomass production and lowered the Cr content in both plants.”
t0“maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium changed mineral nutrition differently in maize and wheat.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Cre0
- Outcome
- mineral nutritione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr changed the mineral nutrition in both cereals, but the pattern of changes observed was not the same.”
t0“maize and wheat”
The same questions in other papers
chromium atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
chromium atom · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.