Abstract
Urban air pollution is an environmental concern, particularly in developing countries and in their cities. The present study was mainly aimed to study the effect of air pollution on the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf of Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi from heavily polluted and less polluted areas of Kathmandu district. Different methods used to analyze the leaf structure (epidermal cells, stomatal frequency, and stomatal size). The stomatal study and observation from the leaf surface were completed under the compound microscope. Based on study results, in E. pulcherrima, the epidermal cells, stomatal pores, and the subsidiary cells were prominent in the anatomical structure of the leaf. In the winter season, the values were comparatively high for all different structures at less polluted sites. The values were comparatively equal for the stomatal index. The number of stomata, clogged stomata, subsidiary cells, epidermal cells, and the stomatal index was comparatively high. In J. mesnyi, the epidermal cells, stomata, were clear and many numbers in epidermal cells. The values were more in the less and moderately polluted sites both in spring and in the winter season. The number of stomata and stomatal index was high at less polluted sites and in the winter season. Within the two seasons, winter and in pre-monsoon, the values of stomatal size were comparatively high in the less polluted site. It was concluded that these two study plant species were categorized as good for plantation because their leaf micromorphological structure from air polluted areas have given suitable results.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
E. pulcherrima had prominent epidermal cells, stomatal pores and subsidiary cells.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia pulcherrima
_04.jpg?width=60)
Euphorbia pulcherrimat0 - Outcome
- epidermal cells, stomatal pores, and the subsidiary cellse0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_04.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in E. pulcherrima, the epidermal cells, stomatal pores, and the subsidiary cells were prominent in the anatomical structure of the leaf”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter leaf structure values in E. pulcherrima were higher at less polluted sites.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia pulcherrimaEuphorbia pulcherrimat0
- Outcome
- valuese0
- Direction
- comparatively highe0
- Qualifier
- In the winter seasone0
- Setting
- less polluted sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the winter season, the values were comparatively high for all different structures at less polluted sites”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
E. pulcherrima stomatal index values were comparatively equal.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia pulcherrimaEuphorbia pulcherrimat0
- Outcome
- stomatal indexe0
- Direction
- comparatively equale0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The values were comparatively equal for the stomatal index”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
E. pulcherrima counts of stomata, clogged stomata, subsidiary cells and epidermal cells were comparatively high.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia pulcherrimaEuphorbia pulcherrimat0
- Outcome
- number of stomata, clogged stomata, subsidiary cells, epidermal cellse0
- Direction
- comparatively highe0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of stomata, clogged stomata, subsidiary cells, epidermal cells, and the stomatal index was comparatively high”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
J. mesnyi epidermal cells and stomata were clear and numerous.
- Taxon
- Jasminum mesnyi
Jasminum mesnyit0 - Outcome
- epidermal cells, stomatae0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In J. mesnyi, the epidermal cells, stomata, were clear and many numbers in epidermal cells”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
J. mesnyi leaf structure values were higher at less and moderately polluted sites in spring and winter.
- Taxon
- Jasminum mesnyiJasminum mesnyit0
- Outcome
- valuese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- both in spring and in the winter seasone0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The values were more in the less and moderately polluted sites both in spring and in the winter season”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
J. mesnyi stomata number and stomatal index were higher at less polluted sites and in winter.
- Taxon
- Jasminum mesnyiJasminum mesnyit0
- Outcome
- number of stomata and stomatal indexe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Setting
- less polluted sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of stomata and stomatal index was high at less polluted sites and in the winter season”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal size was higher at less polluted sites across the two seasons.
- Taxon
- Jasminum mesnyiJasminum mesnyit0
- Outcome
- stomatal sizee0
- Direction
- comparatively highe0
- Qualifier
- winter and in pre-monsoone0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within the two seasons, winter and in pre-monsoon, the values of stomatal size were comparatively high in the less polluted site”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged both shrubs suitable for plantation in polluted areas.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia pulcherrimaEuphorbia pulcherrimat0
- Outcome
- good for plantatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two study plant species were categorized as good for plantation because their leaf micromorphological structure from air polluted areas have given suitable results”
t0“Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi”