Abstract
While the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of plant pathogenic bacteria in induction of plant defense responses have been characterized, the role of LPS of beneficial rhizobacteria on plant growth is less clear. In this study, we assessed the in vitro effects of LPS from the rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 on early growth of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) and on some biochemical responses related to growth, like peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and Ca2+ availability. Four days after treating the seedlings with various concentrations of A. brasilense LPS (10 to 1000 µg/mL), the growth of the seedlings was enhanced as evidenced by significant increase in leaf and root lengths as well as fresh weight. These increases were comparable to those resulting from inoculation with the rhizobacteria. POD enzyme activity increased significantly in roots treated with LPS and was concentration dependent. Salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of peroxidase activity, decreased POD activity and plant growth promoted by LPS. Lanthanum, an inhibitor of calcium channels, and EGTA, inhibited plant growth and POD activity promoted by LPS, while the calcium ionophore A23187 alone was able to increase plant growth and POD activity. In summary, the results suggest that isolated LPS of A. brasilense have the capacity to promote early wheat seedling growth and that POD enzyme activity and Ca2+ levels are involved in the LPS-mediated biological activity.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum brasilense LPS increased leaf and root length and fresh weight of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- various concentrations of A. brasilense LPSe2
- Interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee2symbiont - Outcome
- leaf and root lengths as well as fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Wheat Plant Growth”
e1“significant increase in leaf and root lengths as well as fresh weight”
e2“treating the seedlings with various concentrations of A. brasilense LPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat seedling growth promotion by A. brasilense LPS was comparable to that from inoculation with the rhizobacteria.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- various concentrations of A. brasilense LPSe2
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf and root lengths as well as fresh weighte1
- Direction
- comparablee3
- Comparator
- inoculation with the rhizobacteriae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Wheat Plant Growth”
e1“significant increase in leaf and root lengths as well as fresh weight”
e2“treating the seedlings with various concentrations of A. brasilense LPS”
e3“These increases were comparable to those resulting from inoculation with the rhizobacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
LPS increased peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity in wheat roots in a concentration-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- LPSe4
- Gene
- POD enzymee4
- Outcome
- POD enzyme activitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- concentration dependente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Wheat Plant Growth”
e4“POD enzyme activity increased significantly in roots treated with LPS and was concentration dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylhydroxamic acid decreased POD activity and the plant growth promoted by LPS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Salicylhydroxamic acide5
- Outcome
- POD activity and plant growth promoted by LPSe5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Wheat Plant Growth”
e5“Salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of peroxidase activity, decreased POD activity and plant growth promoted by LPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum and EGTA inhibited the plant growth and POD activity promoted by LPS.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Lanthanum, an inhibitor of calcium channels, and EGTAe6
- Outcome
- plant growth and POD activity promoted by LPSe6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Wheat Plant Growth”
e6“Lanthanum, an inhibitor of calcium channels, and EGTA, inhibited plant growth and POD activity promoted by LPS”
Claim · model-written summary
The calcium ionophore A23187 alone increased plant growth and POD activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- calcium ionophore A23187e7
- Outcome
- plant growth and POD activitye7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Wheat Plant Growth”
e7“the calcium ionophore A23187 alone was able to increase plant growth and POD activity”
Claim · model-written summary
POD enzyme activity and Ca2+ levels are involved in the LPS-mediated biological activity on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- POD enzymee7
- Compound
- Ca2+e7
- Outcome
- LPS-mediated biological activitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early Wheat Plant Growth”
e7“POD enzyme activity and Ca2+ levels are involved in the LPS-mediated biological activity”
The same questions in other papers
Azospirillum brasilense · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →salicylhydroxamic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
calcium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →lipopolysaccharide · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.