Abstract
In our former research, we succeeded in using agar, alginate, and perlite as immobilization materials to maintain long-term survival of the inoculant, Ensifer fredii LP2/20, in a controlled glasshouse. Therefore the information on the establishment and activity of the inoculant to promote plant growth under field conditions, the effects of the inoculant on the soil microbial communities and specific microbial taxa, and the association between the inoculant and soil elements merit further studies. Here, we found that agar was the most suitable material that supported the establishment of the inoculant under field conditions. RNA-based analysis showed that E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar was still metabolically active at day 50 after being introduced into soil. Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%). Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%). High-throughput next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons showed that the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were dominant phyla in Chinese kale field soil. Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 significantly affected the soil bacterial community structure by decreasing total bacterial richness and diversity. The numbers of alpha- and gamma-Proteobacteria were significantly increased while the number of delta-Proteobacteria was significantly decreased due to E. fredii LP2/20 establishment. Soil total P, K, and Ca and soil pH were the important factors that shaped the soil bacterial community composition.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar gave the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kale
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0 - Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20
.JPG?width=60)
Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont - Outcome
- plant dry weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 89.94%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased total N content of plants (9.55%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont
- Outcome
- total Ne1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 9.55%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased plant P content (17.94%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont
- Outcome
- Pe1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 17.94%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased plant K content (68.42%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont
- Outcome
- Ke1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 68.42%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased plant Ca content (39.77%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont
- Outcome
- Cae1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 39.77%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased plant Mg content (30.76%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont
- Outcome
- Mge1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 30.76%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased plant Fe content (29.85%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont
- Outcome
- Fee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 29.85%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased plant Zn content (22.44%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare1
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie1symbiont
- Outcome
- Zne1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 22.44%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e1“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar conferred the highest plant dry weight (up to 89.94%) and all plant elements including total N (9.55%), P (17.94%), K (68.42%), Ca (39.77%), Mg (30.76%), Fe (29.85%), and Zn (22.44%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil organic matter (99.02%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare3
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie3symbiont
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 99.02%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e3“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil total N (272.48%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare3
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie3symbiont
- Outcome
- total Ne3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 272.48%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e3“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil P (31.75%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare3
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie3symbiont
- Outcome
- Pe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 31.75%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e3“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil K (52.74%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare3
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie3symbiont
- Outcome
- Ke3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 52.74%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e3“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil Fe (51.06%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare3
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie3symbiont
- Outcome
- Fee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 51.06%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e3“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil Zn (63.10%).
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agare3
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie3symbiont
- Outcome
- Zne3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 63.10%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e3“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar increased soil chemicals including soil organic matter (99.02%), total N (272.48%), P (31.75%), K (52.74%), Fe (51.06%), and Zn (63.10%)”
Claim · model-written summary
E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar remained metabolically active 50 days after introduction into soil.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie4symbiont
- Outcome
- metabolically activee4
- Qualifier
- at day 50 after being introduced into soile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e4“RNA-based analysis showed that E. fredii LP2/20 immobilized in agar was still metabolically active at day 50 after being introduced into soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with E. fredii LP2/20 decreased total soil bacterial richness and diversity.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20e5
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie5symbiont
- Outcome
- total bacterial richness and diversitye5
- Direction
- decreasinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e5“Inoculation of E. fredii LP2/20 significantly affected the soil bacterial community structure by decreasing total bacterial richness and diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
E. fredii LP2/20 establishment significantly increased the numbers of alpha- and gamma-Proteobacteria in soil.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- E. fredii LP2/20 establishmente6
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie6symbiont
- Outcome
- numbers of alpha- and gamma-Proteobacteriae6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e6“The numbers of alpha- and gamma-Proteobacteria were significantly increased while the number of delta-Proteobacteria was significantly decreased due to E. fredii LP2/20 establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
E. fredii LP2/20 establishment significantly decreased the number of delta-Proteobacteria in soil.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Treatment
- E. fredii LP2/20 establishmente6
- Interactor
- E. fredii LP2/20Sinorhizobium frediie6symbiont
- Outcome
- number of delta-Proteobacteriae6
- Direction
- significantly decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e6“The numbers of alpha- and gamma-Proteobacteria were significantly increased while the number of delta-Proteobacteria was significantly decreased due to E. fredii LP2/20 establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil total P, K, Ca and pH were the important factors shaping soil bacterial community composition.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Compound
- Soil total P, K, and Ca and soil pHe7
- Outcome
- soil bacterial community compositione7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e7“Soil total P, K, and Ca and soil pH were the important factors that shaped the soil bacterial community composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Agar was the most suitable immobilization material for establishing the inoculant under field conditions.
- Taxon
- Chinese kaleBrassica oleracea var. alboglabrae0
- Material
- agare2
- Outcome
- establishment of the inoculante2
- Qualifier
- most suitable materiale2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese kale field soil”
e2“Here, we found that agar was the most suitable material that supported the establishment of the inoculant under field conditions”
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