Paper · 2019 · International Journal of Chemical Studies

Response of weed management on, nutrient uptake and economics in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) Under south Gujarat condition

Patel Hf; Maheriya Vd; Makwana Cm; et al.

17
claims
51
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments to study the effect of weed management in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) under South Gujarat condition. The highest seed (1348 kg ha-1) and straw (3100 kg ha-1) yields were recorded under treatment of weed free up to harvest (W3) being at par with Pendimethalin @1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5). Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) found most effective with the lowest dry weight of weeds of 552.50 and 622.25 kg ha-1, with higher weed control efficiency of 68.12 and 64.13 per cent, lower weed index of 8.50 and 23.12 per cent, respectively, while treatment unweeded control recorded the highest dry weight of weeds (1738.00 kg ha-1) and higher weed index (50.28%) at harvest. The highest (21.84, 13.02 and 9.55 kg NPK ha-1) and the lowest (4.93, 3.47 and 2.15 kg NPK ha-1) nutrients removal by weeds were recorded under treatment unweeded control (W0) and pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5), respectively. The highest net profit (Rs. 20486 ha-1) was obtained from treatment of weed free up to harvest (W3) followed by treatment of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (Rs. 17861 ha-1) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (Rs. 14309 ha-1). While the highest cost benefit ratio (3.52) was obtained under treatment of weed free up to harvest followed by treatments pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (3.14).

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 17

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed-free up to harvest gave the highest fenugreek seed yield, 1348 kg ha-1.

Treatment
weed free up to harvest (W3)e1
Outcome
yieldse1
Direction
higheste1
Value
1348 kg ha-1e1
Qualifier
seede1
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“The highest seed (1348 kg ha-1) and straw (3100 kg ha-1) yields were recorded under treatment of weed free up to harvest (W3)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 203–328 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed-free up to harvest gave the highest fenugreek straw yield, 3100 kg ha-1.

Treatment
weed free up to harvest (W3)e1
Outcome
yieldse1
Direction
higheste1
Value
3100 kg ha-1e1
Qualifier
strawe1
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“The highest seed (1348 kg ha-1) and straw (3100 kg ha-1) yields were recorded under treatment of weed free up to harvest (W3)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 203–328 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) gave the lowest weed dry weight, 552.50 kg ha-1.

Treatment
Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5)e2
Interactor
weedse2weed
Outcome
dry weight of weedse2
Direction
loweste2
Value
552.50e2
Qualifier
kg ha-1e2
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) found most effective with the lowest dry weight of weeds of 552.50 and 622.25 kg ha-1, with higher weed control efficiency of 68.12 and 64.13 per cent, lower weed index of 8.50 and 23.12 per cent, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–709 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) gave the lowest weed dry weight, 622.25 kg ha-1.

Treatment
Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4)e2
Interactor
weedse2weed
Outcome
dry weight of weedse2
Direction
loweste2
Value
622.25e2
Qualifier
kg ha-1e2
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) found most effective with the lowest dry weight of weeds of 552.50 and 622.25 kg ha-1, with higher weed control efficiency of 68.12 and 64.13 per cent, lower weed index of 8.50 and 23.12 per cent, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–709 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) gave higher weed control efficiency, 68.12 per cent.

Treatment
Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5)e2
Outcome
weed control efficiencye2
Direction
highere2
Value
68.12e2
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) found most effective with the lowest dry weight of weeds of 552.50 and 622.25 kg ha-1, with higher weed control efficiency of 68.12 and 64.13 per cent, lower weed index of 8.50 and 23.12 per cent, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–709 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) gave higher weed control efficiency, 64.13 per cent.

Treatment
Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4)e2
Outcome
weed control efficiencye2
Direction
highere2
Value
64.13e2
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) found most effective with the lowest dry weight of weeds of 552.50 and 622.25 kg ha-1, with higher weed control efficiency of 68.12 and 64.13 per cent, lower weed index of 8.50 and 23.12 per cent, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–709 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) gave lower weed index, 8.50 per cent.

Treatment
Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5)e2
Outcome
weed indexe2
Direction
lowere2
Value
8.50e2
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) found most effective with the lowest dry weight of weeds of 552.50 and 622.25 kg ha-1, with higher weed control efficiency of 68.12 and 64.13 per cent, lower weed index of 8.50 and 23.12 per cent, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–709 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) gave lower weed index, 23.12 per cent.

Treatment
Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4)e2
Outcome
weed indexe2
Direction
lowere2
Value
23.12e2
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W4) found most effective with the lowest dry weight of weeds of 552.50 and 622.25 kg ha-1, with higher weed control efficiency of 68.12 and 64.13 per cent, lower weed index of 8.50 and 23.12 per cent, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 405–709 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The unweeded control had the highest weed dry weight, 1738.00 kg ha-1.

Treatment
unweeded controle3
Interactor
weedse3weed
Outcome
dry weight of weedse3
Direction
higheste3
Value
1738.00 kg ha-1e3
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e3

“while treatment unweeded control recorded the highest dry weight of weeds (1738.00 kg ha-1) and higher weed index (50.28%) at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 711–844 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The unweeded control had a higher weed index, 50.28%.

Treatment
unweeded controle3
Outcome
weed indexe3
Direction
highere3
Value
50.28%e3
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e3

“while treatment unweeded control recorded the highest dry weight of weeds (1738.00 kg ha-1) and higher weed index (50.28%) at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 711–844 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The unweeded control removed the most nutrients by weeds, 21.84, 13.02 and 9.55 kg NPK ha-1.

Treatment
unweeded control (W0)e4
Interactor
weedse4weed
Outcome
nutrients removal by weedse4
Direction
higheste4
Value
21.84, 13.02 and 9.55 kg NPK ha-1e4
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e4

“The highest (21.84, 13.02 and 9.55 kg NPK ha-1) and the lowest (4.93, 3.47 and 2.15 kg NPK ha-1) nutrients removal by weeds were recorded under treatment unweeded control (W0) and pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5), respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 846–1097 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5) removed the least nutrients by weeds, 4.93, 3.47 and 2.15 kg NPK ha-1.

Treatment
pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5)e4
Interactor
weedse4weed
Outcome
nutrients removal by weedse4
Direction
loweste4
Value
4.93, 3.47 and 2.15 kg NPK ha-1e4
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e4

“The highest (21.84, 13.02 and 9.55 kg NPK ha-1) and the lowest (4.93, 3.47 and 2.15 kg NPK ha-1) nutrients removal by weeds were recorded under treatment unweeded control (W0) and pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + hand weeding at 40 DAS (W5), respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 846–1097 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed-free up to harvest gave the highest net profit, Rs. 20486 ha-1.

Treatment
weed free up to harvest (W3)e5
Outcome
net profite5
Direction
higheste5
Value
Rs. 20486 ha-1e5
Setting
Navsarie0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e5

“The highest net profit (Rs. 20486 ha-1) was obtained from treatment of weed free up to harvest (W3) followed by treatment of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (Rs. 17861 ha-1) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (Rs. 14309 ha-1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1099–1346 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS gave a net profit of Rs. 17861 ha-1.

Treatment
pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DASe5
Outcome
net profite5
Value
Rs. 17861 ha-1e5
Setting
Navsarie0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e5

“The highest net profit (Rs. 20486 ha-1) was obtained from treatment of weed free up to harvest (W3) followed by treatment of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (Rs. 17861 ha-1) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (Rs. 14309 ha-1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1099–1346 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 alone gave a net profit of Rs. 14309 ha-1.

Treatment
Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1e5
Outcome
net profite5
Value
Rs. 14309 ha-1e5
Setting
Navsarie0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e5

“The highest net profit (Rs. 20486 ha-1) was obtained from treatment of weed free up to harvest (W3) followed by treatment of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (Rs. 17861 ha-1) and Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (Rs. 14309 ha-1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1099–1346 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed-free up to harvest gave the highest cost benefit ratio, 3.52.

Treatment
weed free up to harveste6
Outcome
cost benefit ratioe6
Direction
higheste6
Value
3.52e6
Setting
Navsarie0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e6

“The highest cost benefit ratio (3.52) was obtained under treatment of weed free up to harvest followed by treatments pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (3.14)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1354–1534 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 plus one hand weeding at 40 DAS gave a cost benefit ratio of 3.14.

Treatment
pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DASe6
Outcome
cost benefit ratioe6
Value
3.14e6
Setting
Navsarie0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trigonella foenum-graecum
Trigonella foenum-graecum · TaxonYak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–105 · show in text ↑
e0

“An experiment was conducted at Navsari during 2007-08 with 10 weed management treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e6

“The highest cost benefit ratio (3.52) was obtained under treatment of weed free up to harvest followed by treatments pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40 DAS (3.14)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1354–1534 · show in text ↑

pendimethalin · weed · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Results agree

7 papers: 7 positive, 0 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

herbicide · yield · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Positive and negative results

16 papers: 14 positive, 2 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. positive

12 papers more in this group

See all 16 papers →

herbicide · weed · Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)Results agree

14 papers: 14 positive, 0 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

10 papers more in this group

See all 14 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.