Abstract
Salinity is one of the most widespread stresses responsible for water and soil pollution across the globe. Salicylic acid (SA) has a major role in defence responses against various abiotic stresses. In the current study, SA (0.05 mmol) influences were evaluated in mitigation of the negative impact of salinity (40 and 80 mmol NaCl) in the maize plant. NaCl stress-induced significant accumulation of organic osmolytes (total soluble sugars (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), and proline) by 35.6, 66.2, and 89.2%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl. In addition, salinity is also responsible for the elevated accumulation of inorganic osmolytes (Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio) by 202.4% and 398.8%, respectively, and for the reduction in the K+ and Ca2+ levels by 48.6% and 58.9%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl. Moreover, salinity stress reduced phytohormones (indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3)) by 48.8% and 59.8%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl; however, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased by 340.5% with 80 mmol NaCl. Otherwise, SA application caused an additional enhancement in TSS, TSP, proline, K+, Ca2+, IAA, and GA3 contents but decreased the Na+, Na+/K+ ratio, and ABA to an appreciable level. In conclusion, SA pre-soaking mitigates the negative impact of NaCl toxicity in maize through the regulation of phytochromes and various organic and inorganic osmolytes, which may ameliorate salinity tolerance in maize.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased total soluble sugars by 35.6% at 80 mmol.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars (TSS)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Value
- 35.6e0
- Comparator
- NaCl stress-inducede0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress-induced significant accumulation of organic osmolytes (total soluble sugars (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), and proline) by 35.6, 66.2, and 89.2%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased total soluble protein by 66.2% at 80 mmol.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- total soluble protein (TSP)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Value
- 66.2e0
- Comparator
- NaCl stress-inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress-induced significant accumulation of organic osmolytes (total soluble sugars (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), and proline) by 35.6, 66.2, and 89.2%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased proline by 89.2% at 80 mmol.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Value
- 89.2%e0
- Comparator
- NaCl stress-inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress-induced significant accumulation of organic osmolytes (total soluble sugars (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), and proline) by 35.6, 66.2, and 89.2%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na+ by 202.4%.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- Na+e0
- Direction
- elevated accumulatione0
- Value
- 202.4%e0
- Comparator
- salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity is also responsible for the elevated accumulation of inorganic osmolytes (Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio) by 202.4% and 398.8%, respectively, and for the reduction in the K+ and Ca2+ levels by 48.6% and 58.9%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased the Na+/K+ ratio by 398.8%.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- elevated accumulatione0
- Value
- 398.8%e0
- Comparator
- salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity is also responsible for the elevated accumulation of inorganic osmolytes (Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio) by 202.4% and 398.8%, respectively, and for the reduction in the K+ and Ca2+ levels by 48.6% and 58.9%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced K+ by 48.6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity is also responsible for the elevated accumulation of inorganic osmolytes (Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio) by 202.4% and 398.8%, respectively, and for the reduction in the K+ and Ca2+ levels by 48.6% and 58.9%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced Ca2+ by 58.9%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity is also responsible for the elevated accumulation of inorganic osmolytes (Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio) by 202.4% and 398.8%, respectively, and for the reduction in the K+ and Ca2+ levels by 48.6% and 58.9%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced IAA by 48.8%.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- indoleacetic acid (IAA)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 48.8%e0
- Comparator
- salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress reduced phytohormones (indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3)) by 48.8% and 59.8%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl; however, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased by 340.5% with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced GA3 by 59.8%.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- gibberellic acid (GA3)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 59.8%e0
- Comparator
- salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress reduced phytohormones (indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3)) by 48.8% and 59.8%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl; however, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased by 340.5% with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased ABA by 340.5%.
- Treatment
- 80 mmol NaCle0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 340.5%e0
- Comparator
- salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress reduced phytohormones (indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3)) by 48.8% and 59.8%, respectively, with 80 mmol NaCl; however, abscisic acid (ABA) was increased by 340.5% with 80 mmol NaCl.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased TSS, TSP and proline contents.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA application caused an additional enhancement in TSS, TSP, proline, K+, Ca2+, IAA, and GA3 contents but decreased the Na+, Na+/K+ ratio, and ABA to an appreciable level.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased K+, Ca2+ and IAA contents.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA application caused an additional enhancement in TSS, TSP, proline, K+, Ca2+, IAA, and GA3 contents but decreased the Na+, Na+/K+ ratio, and ABA to an appreciable level.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased GA3 contents.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA application caused an additional enhancement in TSS, TSP, proline, K+, Ca2+, IAA, and GA3 contents but decreased the Na+, Na+/K+ ratio, and ABA to an appreciable level.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SA decreased Na+, Na+/K+ ratio and ABA.
- Treatment
- SA applicatione0
- Outcome
- Na+, Na+/K+ ratio, and ABAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- additionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA application caused an additional enhancement in TSS, TSP, proline, K+, Ca2+, IAA, and GA3 contents but decreased the Na+, Na+/K+ ratio, and ABA to an appreciable level.”
t0“maize”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.