Abstract
Germination is a plant developmental process by which radicle of mature seeds start to penetrate surrounding barriers for seedling establishment and multiple environmental factors have been shown to affect it. Little is known how high salinity affects seed germination of C4 plant, Zea mays. Preliminary germination assay suggested that isolated embryo alone was able to germinate under 200 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the intact seeds were highly repressed. We hypothesized that maize endosperm may function in perception and transduction of salt signal to surrounding tissues such as embryo, showing a completely different response to that in Arabidopsis. Since salt response involves ABA, we analysed in vivo ABA distribution and quantity and the result demonstrated that ABA level in isolated embryo under NaCl treatment failed to increase in comparison with the water control, suggesting that the elevation of ABA level is an endosperm dependent process. Subsequently, by using advanced profiling techniques such as RNA sequencing and SWATH-MS-based quantitative proteomics, we found substantial differences in post-transcriptional and translational changes between salt-treated embryo and endosperm. In summary, our results indicate that these regulatory mechanisms, such as alternative splicing, are likely to mediate early responses to salt stress during maize seed germination.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Isolated embryos alone were able to germinate under 200 mM NaCl.
- Organ / stage
- isolated embryoe0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- germinatee0
- Comparator
- intact seedse0
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolated embryo alone was able to germinate under 200 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the intact seeds were highly repressed”
e4“Little is known how high salinity affects seed germination of C4 plant, Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Intact seeds were highly repressed in germination under 200 mM NaCl relative to isolated embryos.
- Organ / stage
- intact seedse0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- germinatee0
- Direction
- highly repressede0
- Comparator
- isolated embryo alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolated embryo alone was able to germinate under 200 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the intact seeds were highly repressed”
e4“Little is known how high salinity affects seed germination of C4 plant, Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA level in isolated embryos under NaCl treatment did not increase compared with the water control.
- Organ / stage
- isolated embryoe1
- Treatment
- NaCl treatmente1
- Outcome
- ABA levele1
- Direction
- failed to increasee1
- Comparator
- water controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the result demonstrated that ABA level in isolated embryo under NaCl treatment failed to increase in comparison with the water control, suggesting that the elevation of ABA level is an endosperm dependent process”
e4“Little is known how high salinity affects seed germination of C4 plant, Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
The elevation of ABA level is suggested to be an endosperm-dependent process.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the result demonstrated that ABA level in isolated embryo under NaCl treatment failed to increase in comparison with the water control, suggesting that the elevation of ABA level is an endosperm dependent process”
e4“Little is known how high salinity affects seed germination of C4 plant, Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-treated embryo and endosperm differed substantially in post-transcriptional and translational changes.
- Organ / stage
- embryo and endosperme2
- Treatment
- salt-treatede2
- Outcome
- post-transcriptional and translational changese2
- Qualifier
- substantial differencese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“we found substantial differences in post-transcriptional and translational changes between salt-treated embryo and endosperm”
e4“Little is known how high salinity affects seed germination of C4 plant, Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative splicing and other regulatory mechanisms are likely to mediate early responses to salt stress during maize seed germination.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“these regulatory mechanisms, such as alternative splicing, are likely to mediate early responses to salt stress during maize seed germination”
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See all 112 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.