Abstract
Abstract Background: The occurrence of calcium (Ca)‐related disorders is common in tomato production and may be due to factors such as excess nitrogen (N) fertilization. Thus, Ca sprays are often applied as preventive measure to avoid the occurrence of blossom‐end rot. In addition, evidence indicates that Si can act beneficially on tomatoes and relieve Ca deficiency. Aims: We aimed to verify the effects of Ca‐EDTA and Si application on tomatoes experiencing moderate Ca deficiency. Methods: Tomato plants were grown in nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency (+CaR) or Ca deficiency (–CaR) or under conditions of –CaR plus 25 mM Ca‐EDTA shoot sprays (–CaR +CaS), –CaR plus 7.1 mM Si shoot sprays (–CaR +SiS) or –CaR +CaSiS, with a total of nineteen sprays being supplied after anthesis, per foliar treatment. Results: Plants grown under –CaR had smaller leaves and fruits, and new shoots were deformed. Plants that were sprayed with Ca‐EDTA and Ca‐EDTA plus Si in the same solution developed more blossoms than those grown without Ca; however, they showed chlorosis and necrosis on the edges of older leaves, i.e ., Ca‐EDTA was toxic. However, the plants sprayed with Si alone were the most similar to control plants, showing only deformations in the younger leaves. Conclusion: Ca‐EDTA at 25 mM sprayed twice a week after anthesis, totaling 19 sprays, caused toxicity in MT tomatoes. Sodium silicate (7.1 mM Si) sprayed twice a week after anthesis, totaling 19 sprays, made MT tomatoes less sensitive to Ca deficiency. Thus, we highlighted the potential of Si spraying to alleviate the slight Ca deficiency, which is relatively common in horticulture.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency produced smaller tomato leaves and fruits and deformed shoots.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- –CaRe0
- Outcome
- smaller leaves and fruits, and new shoots were deformede0
- Direction
- smallere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants grown under –CaR had smaller leaves and fruits, and new shoots were deformed.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA sprayed plants developed more blossoms than calcium-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ca‐EDTAe0
- Outcome
- blossomse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- those grown without Cae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants that were sprayed with Ca‐EDTA and Ca‐EDTA plus Si in the same solution developed more blossoms than those grown without Ca”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA plus silicon sprayed plants developed more blossoms than calcium-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ca‐EDTA plus Sie0
- Outcome
- blossomse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- those grown without Cae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca‐EDTA plus Si in the same solution developed more blossoms than those grown without Ca”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca-EDTA sprays caused chlorosis and necrosis of older tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ca‐EDTAe0
- Outcome
- chlorosis and necrosis on the edges of older leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they showed chlorosis and necrosis on the edges of older leaves, i.e ., Ca‐EDTA was toxic.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-only sprayed plants most resembled controls and showed only younger-leaf deformation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Si alonee0
- Outcome
- most similar to control plants, showing only deformations in the younger leavese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plants sprayed with Si alone were the most similar to control plants, showing only deformations in the younger leaves.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that sodium silicate made MT tomatoes less sensitive to calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- MTe0
- Treatment
- Sodium silicate (7.1 mM Si)e0
- Outcome
- sensitive to Ca deficiencye0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium silicate (7.1 mM Si) sprayed twice a week after anthesis, totaling 19 sprays, made MT tomatoes less sensitive to Ca deficiency.”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · physiology: pigments · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.