Abstract
BACKGROUND: In this study, we investigated the effects of water-nitrogen interaction on the grain quality of two varieties of japonica rice grown on the North China Plain, based on evaluations of grain biochemical components, starch X-ray diffraction properties, thermal and pasting characteristics, and particle size distribution. RESULTS: We found that, under controlled irrigation, increasing levels of nitrogen resulted in a reduction in grain starch content and an increase in protein content. Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation, and their interaction had significant effects on the particle size and size distribution of rice flour. Under both controlled and flooding irrigation, the lowest values of pasting parameters for cultivars Xindao22 and Xindao10 were observed in response to moderate and high nitrogen application, respectively. Under flooding irrigation, Xindao22 exhibited lower mean value of gelatinization onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures and enthalpy in response to control irrigation, whereas in Xindao10 these parameters were relatively stable with respect to nitrogen and irrigation treatments. However, we observed no significant effects of either nitrogen or irrigation on amylopectin chain length distribution or starch relative crystallinity. CONCLUSION: Nitrogen application rate and irrigation methods had distinct effects on the physicochemical properties of flour derived from treated rice plants. The findings will provide support for scientific irrigation and fertilization in order to improve rice grain quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen under controlled irrigation reduced rice grain starch content.
- Taxon
- japonica rice
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupt0 - Treatment
- increasing levels of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- grain starch contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- controlled irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“under controlled irrigation, increasing levels of nitrogen resulted in a reduction in grain starch content”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen under controlled irrigation increased rice grain protein content.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- controlled irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under controlled irrigation, increasing levels of nitrogen resulted in a reduction in grain starch content and an increase in protein content”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, irrigation and their interaction significantly affected rice flour particle size and distribution.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation, and their interactione0
- Outcome
- particle size and size distribution of rice floure0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation, and their interaction had significant effects on the particle size and size distribution of rice flour.”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Xindao22 had its lowest pasting-parameter values under moderate nitrogen in both irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Xindao22e0
- Treatment
- moderatee0
- Outcome
- pasting parameterse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- both controlled and flooding irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under both controlled and flooding irrigation, the lowest values of pasting parameters for cultivars Xindao22 and Xindao10 were observed in response to moderate and high nitrogen application, respectively.”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Xindao10 had its lowest pasting-parameter values under high nitrogen in both irrigation regimes.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Xindao10e0
- Treatment
- high nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- pasting parameterse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under both controlled and flooding irrigation, the lowest values of pasting parameters for cultivars Xindao22 and Xindao10 were observed in response to moderate and high nitrogen application, respectively.”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under flooding irrigation, Xindao22 had lower gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy than under control irrigation.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Xindao22e0
- Treatment
- flooding irrigatione0
- Outcome
- gelatinization onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures and enthalpye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under flooding irrigation, Xindao22 exhibited lower mean value of gelatinization onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures and enthalpy in response to control irrigation”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Xindao10 gelatinization parameters were relatively stable across nitrogen and irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Xindao10e0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- relatively stablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Xindao10 these parameters were relatively stable with respect to nitrogen and irrigation treatments”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither nitrogen nor irrigation significantly affected amylopectin chain length distribution or starch relative crystallinity.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen or irrigatione0
- Outcome
- amylopectin chain length distribution or starch relative crystallinitye0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant effects of either nitrogen or irrigation on amylopectin chain length distribution or starch relative crystallinity”
t0“japonica rice”
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