Abstract
In order to design a water-saving and high-yield maize planting model suitable for semiarid areas, we conducted trials by combining supplementary irrigation with different planting densities. Three planting densities (L: 52,500, M: 75,000, and H: 97,500 plants ha –1 ) and four supplementary irrigation modes (NI: no irrigation; IV: 375 m 3 ha –1 during the 11-leaf stage; IS: 375 m 3 ha –1 in the silking stage; and IVS: 375 m 3 ha –1 during both stages) were tested. The irrigation treatments significantly increased the leaf relative water content, but the high planting density significantly decreased the relative water content during the silking and filling stages. After supplementary irrigation during the 11-leaf stage, IV and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity, but decreased the leaf water use efficiency. IS and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity after supplementary irrigation in the silking stage over two years. During the filling stage, IV, IS, and IVS increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 17.0%, 27.2%, and 30.3%, respectively. The intercellular CO 2 concentration increased as the density increased, whereas the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf water use efficiency decreased, and the high planting density significantly reduced the leaf photosynthetic capacity. The highest grain yield was obtained using the IVS treatment under the medium planting density, but it did not differ significantly from that with the IS treatment. Furthermore, the IVS treatment used two times more water than the IS treatment. Thus, the medium planting density combined with supplementary irrigation during the silking stage was identified as a suitable water-saving planting model to improve the photosynthetic capacity and grain yield, and to cope with drought and water shortages in semiarid regions.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at the 11-leaf stage (IV) increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 17.0% relative to no irrigation
- Treatment
- IVe1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 17.0%e1
- Comparator
- no irrigatione2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“During the filling stage, IV, IS, and IVS increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 17.0%, 27.2%, and 30.3%, respectively”
e2“NI: no irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at the silking stage (IS) increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 27.2% relative to no irrigation
- Treatment
- ISe1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 27.2%e1
- Comparator
- no irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“During the filling stage, IV, IS, and IVS increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 17.0%, 27.2%, and 30.3%, respectively”
e2“NI: no irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at both stages (IVS) increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 30.3% relative to no irrigation
- Treatment
- IVSe1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 30.3%e1
- Comparator
- no irrigatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“During the filling stage, IV, IS, and IVS increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 17.0%, 27.2%, and 30.3%, respectively”
e2“NI: no irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercellular CO2 concentration increased as planting density increased
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e3“The intercellular CO 2 concentration increased as the density increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate decreased as planting density increased
- Treatment
- densitye3
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic ratee4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e3“The intercellular CO 2 concentration increased as the density increased”
e4“the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf water use efficiency decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water use efficiency decreased as planting density increased
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e3“The intercellular CO 2 concentration increased as the density increased”
e4“the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf water use efficiency decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
High planting density significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e5“the high planting density significantly reduced the leaf photosynthetic capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments significantly increased leaf relative water content
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e6“The irrigation treatments significantly increased the leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
High planting density significantly decreased relative water content during the silking and filling stages
- Treatment
- high planting densitye7
- Outcome
- relative water content during the silking and filling stagese7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e7“the high planting density significantly decreased the relative water content during the silking and filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at the 11-leaf stage (IV) significantly increased photosynthetic capacity
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“After supplementary irrigation during the 11-leaf stage, IV and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity, but decreased the leaf water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at both stages (IVS) significantly increased photosynthetic capacity after irrigation at the 11-leaf stage
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“After supplementary irrigation during the 11-leaf stage, IV and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity, but decreased the leaf water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at the 11-leaf stage (IV) decreased leaf water use efficiency
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“After supplementary irrigation during the 11-leaf stage, IV and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity, but decreased the leaf water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at the silking stage (IS) significantly increased photosynthetic capacity over two years
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e2“IS and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity after supplementary irrigation in the silking stage over two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at both stages (IVS) significantly increased photosynthetic capacity after silking-stage irrigation over two years
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e2“IS and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity after supplementary irrigation in the silking stage over two years”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest grain yield was obtained with IVS at medium density, not significantly different from IS
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“The highest grain yield was obtained using the IVS treatment under the medium planting density, but it did not differ significantly from that with the IS treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The IVS treatment used two times more water than the IS treatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“the IVS treatment used two times more water than the IS treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium planting density combined with silking-stage supplementary irrigation is a suitable water-saving planting model
- Outcome
- water-saving planting modele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain yields in maize grown”
e1“the medium planting density combined with supplementary irrigation during the silking stage was identified as a suitable water-saving planting model”
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