Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Damping-off disease is one of the most reasons for low productively of tomato in the world, especially in Iraq. In the current study, two types of bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) were used to evaluate their efficacy in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani and protecting the seeds of tomato and increasing their germination percentage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dual culture technique and Food poisoning technique were used to study the effect of bacteria on the growth of fungi understudy, and study the effect of bacterial filtrates on germination of tomato seeds. RESULTS: A. chroococcum showed the strongest antagonistic activity followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 72.9-77.1 and 69.5-70.3% for R. solani and F. solani respectively after 7 days of incubation. The effect of A. chroococcum and P. fluorescens filtrates were increased and also increased the inhibition of growth of fungi understudy, A. chroococcum filtrate also showed the strongest inhibitory effect followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 86.0-87.0 and 83.0-83.5% for R. solani and F. solani respectively at 20% concentration of filtrate. The percentage of seeds germination reached 90% in the treatment of A. chroococcum filtrate and 80% in the treatment of P. fluorescens filtrate. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the filtrates of A. chroococcum and P. fluorescens have antifungal properties against R. solani and F. solani and provided a high protection and increasing tomato seeds germination percentage.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter chroococcum inhibited growth of R. solani and F. solani by 72.9–77.1%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- A. chroococcume0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- A. chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 72.9-77.1e0
- Comparator
- P. fluorescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“A. chroococcum showed the strongest antagonistic activity followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 72.9-77.1 and 69.5-70.3% for R. solani and F. solani respectively after 7 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens inhibited growth of R. solani and F. solani by 69.5–70.3%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 69.5-70.3%e0
- Comparator
- A. chroococcume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“A. chroococcum showed the strongest antagonistic activity followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 72.9-77.1 and 69.5-70.3% for R. solani and F. solani respectively after 7 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter filtrate inhibited fungal growth by 86.0–87.0% at 20% concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A. chroococcum filtratee0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Value
- 86.0-87.0e0
- Qualifier
- 20% concentration of filtratee0
- Comparator
- P. fluorescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“A. chroococcum filtrate also showed the strongest inhibitory effect followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 86.0-87.0 and 83.0-83.5% for R. solani and F. solani respectively at 20% concentration of filtrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas filtrate inhibited fungal growth by 83.0–83.5% at 20% concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 83.0-83.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 20% concentration of filtratee0
- Comparator
- A. chroococcum filtratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“A. chroococcum filtrate also showed the strongest inhibitory effect followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 86.0-87.0 and 83.0-83.5% for R. solani and F. solani respectively at 20% concentration of filtrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seed germination reached 90% with A. chroococcum filtrate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A. chroococcum filtratee0
- Interactor
- A. chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seeds germinatione0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Comparator
- P. fluorescens filtratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The percentage of seeds germination reached 90% in the treatment of A. chroococcum filtrate and 80% in the treatment of P. fluorescens filtrate”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seed germination reached 80% with P. fluorescens filtrate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens filtratee0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seeds germinatione0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Comparator
- A. chroococcum filtratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The percentage of seeds germination reached 90% in the treatment of A. chroococcum filtrate and 80% in the treatment of P. fluorescens filtrate”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Azotobacter chroococcum · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.