Abstract
Abstract Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is a soil-borne disease that seriously limits watermelon production. In the present study, Trichoderma asperellum ( T. asperellum ) M45a was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against FW. In a pot experiment, the application of 10 5 cfu/g of T. asperellum M45a granules had an improved control effect on FW during the blooming period (up to 67.44%) in soils subjected to five years of continuous cropping with watermelon, while the average length of watermelon vines was also significantly improved (P < 0.05). Additionally, the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) group, and transformation of the soil nutrients (total N, NO3-N, and available P) was significantly increased. Moreover, T. asperellum M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity, increased bacterial diversity and especially enhanced the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Trichoderma, Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , Actinomadura , and Rhodanobacter . Through functional prediction, the relative abundance of ectomycorrhiza, endophytes, animal pathotrophs, and saprotrophs in the fungal community was determined to be significantly lower than that observed in the M45a-treated soil. Correlation analysis revealed that Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , and Trichoderma had the most differences in terms of microorganism abundance, and these differences were positively correlated with ACP, CL, CAT, and SC. These findings provide guidance for the use of fungicides to achieve microecological control of FW in continuously cropped watermelon plots.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
M45a granules controlled Fusarium wilt by up to 67.44% during blooming.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Organ / stage
- blooming periode0
- Treatment
- the application of 10 5 cfu/g of T. asperellum M45a granulese0
- Second interactor
- T. asperellum M45a
Trichoderma asperellume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- FWe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 67.44%e0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 10 5 cfu/g of T. asperellum M45a granules had an improved control effect on FW during the blooming period (up to 67.44%) in soils subjected to five years of continuous cropping with watermelon”
t0“Fusarium”
Claim · model-written summary
M45a inoculation significantly increased watermelon vine length.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- M45a-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- average length of watermelon vinese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- control (CK) groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 10 5 cfu/g of T. asperellum M45a granules had an improved control effect on FW during the blooming period (up to 67.44%) in soils subjected to five years of continuous cropping with watermelon, while the average length of watermelon vines was also significantly improved (P < 0.05). Additionally, the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) group”
t0“Soil inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum M45a regulates rhizosphere microbes and triggers watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
M45a inoculation raised soil acid phosphatase, cellulase, and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- M45a-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control (CK) groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) group”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
M45a inoculation raised soil sucrase activity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- M45a-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- sucrase (SC) activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control (CK) groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT), and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than those in the control (CK) group”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
M45a inoculation increased transformation of soil nutrients.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Soil inoculationt0
- Outcome
- transformation of the soil nutrients (total N, NO3-N, and available P)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transformation of the soil nutrients (total N, NO3-N, and available P) was significantly increased”
t0“Soil inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum M45a regulates rhizosphere microbes and triggers watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- T. asperellum M45a inoculatione0
- Interactor
- T. asperellum M45aTrichoderma asperellume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungal diversitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. asperellum M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
M45a inoculation increased bacterial diversity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- T. asperellum M45a inoculatione0
- Interactor
- T. asperellum M45aTrichoderma asperellume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacterial diversitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. asperellum M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity, increased bacterial diversity”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
M45a inoculation enhanced the relative abundance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Soil inoculationt0
- Interactor
- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)e0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Trichoderma, Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , Actinomadura , and Rhodanobacter”
t0“Soil inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum M45a regulates rhizosphere microbes and triggers watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Several predicted fungal functional groups were less abundant in treated soil.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- M45a-treated soile0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of ectomycorrhiza, endophytes, animal pathotrophs, and saprotrophse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of ectomycorrhiza, endophytes, animal pathotrophs, and saprotrophs in the fungal community was determined to be significantly lower than that observed in the M45a-treated soil”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Variation in Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas and Trichoderma abundance correlated positively with soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , and Trichoderma
Pseudomonas
Trichoderma
Sphingomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- microorganism abundancee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- ACP, CL, CAT, and SCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , and Trichoderma had the most differences in terms of microorganism abundance, and these differences were positively correlated with ACP, CL, CAT, and SC”
t0“watermelon”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- negative
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See all 22 papers →inoculation · nutrient: content · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.