Abstract
Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis, when applied as soil treatment in combination with different concentrations of essential plant oils as dipping treatment on onion white rot infection. Oils of cumin, cardamom and thyme were tested at five concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 1%, 2%, and 4%), on the linear growth of Sclerotium cepivorum isolates. Cumin oil had the strongest inhibitory effect on linear growth followed by thyme. Reduction in linear growth increased by increasing concentration of the tested plant oil. Under artificial and natural infection conditions in greenhouse and field trials, B. subtilis combined with different concentrations of essential plant oils were significantly effective in reducing incidence of onion white rot, compared with untreated control. Also, treatments increased fresh and dry weight under greenhouse conditions as well as increased onion bulb yield in field trials. Generally, cumin oils followed by thyme with B. subtilis gave the highest percentage of apparent healthy plants as well as the highest efficacy in reducing onion white rots compared to other treatments except fungicides treatment (Trust EW 25). The superior treatments were obtained by cumin at 2% with B. subtilis and it was the nearest treatment to fungicides in reducing of onion white rots incidence.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cumin oil had the strongest inhibitory effect on Sclerotium cepivorum linear growth, followed by thyme oil.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- Cumin oile1
- Interactor
- Sclerotium cepivorumStromatinia cepivorae2pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect on linear growthe1
- Direction
- strongeste1
- Comparator
- thymee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e1“Cumin oil had the strongest inhibitory effect on linear growth followed by thyme”
e2“linear growth of Sclerotium cepivorum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Linear growth reduction against Sclerotium cepivorum increased with increasing concentration of the tested plant oil.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- concentration of the tested plant oile3
- Interactor
- Sclerotium cepivorumStromatinia cepivorae2pathogen
- Outcome
- Reduction in linear growthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e3“Reduction in linear growth increased by increasing concentration of the tested plant oil”
e2“linear growth of Sclerotium cepivorum isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis combined with essential plant oils significantly reduced the incidence of onion white rot compared with untreated control in greenhouse and field trials.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis combined with different concentrations of essential plant oilse4
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- incidence of onion white rote4
- Direction
- reducinge4
- Comparator
- untreated controle4
- Setting
- greenhouse and field trialse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e4“Under artificial and natural infection conditions in greenhouse and field trials, B. subtilis combined with different concentrations of essential plant oils were significantly effective in reducing incidence of onion white rot, compared with untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments increased fresh and dry weight of onion under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis combined with different concentrations of essential plant oilse6
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e5“treatments increased fresh and dry weight under greenhouse conditions”
e6“B. subtilis combined with different concentrations of essential plant oils”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments increased onion bulb yield in field trials.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis combined with different concentrations of essential plant oilse6
- Outcome
- onion bulb yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Setting
- field trialse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e7“increased onion bulb yield in field trials”
e6“B. subtilis combined with different concentrations of essential plant oils”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumin oils followed by thyme with B. subtilis gave the highest percentage of apparent healthy onion plants.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- cumin oils followed by thyme with B. subtilise1
- Outcome
- percentage of apparent healthy plantse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e1“cumin oils followed by thyme with B. subtilis gave the highest percentage of apparent healthy plants”
e2“compared to other treatments except fungicides treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumin oils followed by thyme with B. subtilis gave the highest efficacy in reducing onion white rot.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- cumin oils followed by thyme with B. subtilise1
- Outcome
- efficacy in reducing onion white rotse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- other treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e1“cumin oils followed by thyme with B. subtilis gave the highest percentage of apparent healthy plants”
e2“compared to other treatments except fungicides treatment”
e3“the highest efficacy in reducing onion white rots”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumin at 2% with B. subtilis was the treatment nearest to fungicides in reducing onion white rot incidence.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- cumin at 2% with B. subtilise1
- Outcome
- reducing of onion white rots incidencee2
- Direction
- neareste2
- Comparator
- fungicidese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ONION WHITE ROT”
e1“The superior treatments were obtained by cumin at 2% with B. subtilis”
e2“it was the nearest treatment to fungicides in reducing of onion white rots incidence”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · disease · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Bacillus subtilis · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.