Abstract
Abstract The unpredictable precipitation and water deficit conditions in semiarid regions significantly reduce the yield of summer maize. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators can be used as a strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance and improve the growth and yield of maize under semiarid conditions. Here, we studied the protective role of melatonin application on maize yield using grain filling rate and hormonal crosstalk in maize grains. In the first field experiment, seeds were soaked with melatonin at a concentration of 0 (SM 0 ), 25 (SM 1 ), 50 (SM 2 ), and 75 μM (SM 3 ) μM. In contrast, in the second experiment, melatonin was applied on the foliage at the ninth leaf stage at a concentration of 0 (FM 0 ), 25 (FM 1 ), 50 (FM 2 ), and 75 (FM 3 ) μM. Our findings showed that melatonin treatments as seed soaking significantly increased single seed weight, seed filling rate in superior, medium and inferior seeds by regulating the hormone levels compared to foliar application. Application of melatonin significantly increased the zeatin+zeatin riboside (Z+ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA) contents. However, it significantly inhibited the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) during the seed filling period. The content of Z+ZR, IAA, and GA was positively correlated with the maximum seed filling rate, seed weight, and mean filling rate in middle, superior and lower seeds, while the ABA was negatively correlated. The ABA content in inferior seeds was positively correlated with the maximum and mean seed filling rate. In semiarid regions, melatonin treatment of SM 2 and FM 2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking with melatonin increased single seed weight relative to foliar application.
- Treatment
- melatonin treatments as seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- single seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- foliar applicatione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatments as seed soaking significantly increased single seed weight, seed filling rate in superior, medium and inferior seeds by regulating the hormone levels compared to foliar application”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking with melatonin increased seed filling rate in superior, medium and inferior seeds relative to foliar application.
- Treatment
- melatonin treatments as seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- seed filling rate in superior, medium and inferior seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- foliar applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatments as seed soaking significantly increased single seed weight, seed filling rate in superior, medium and inferior seeds by regulating the hormone levels compared to foliar application”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased Z+ZR, IAA, and GA contents.
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- zeatin+zeatin riboside (Z+ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA) contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin significantly increased the zeatin+zeatin riboside (Z+ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA) contents”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreased ABA content during seed filling.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly inhibited the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) during the seed filling period”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Z+ZR, IAA, and GA content correlated positively with filling rate and seed weight across seed classes.
- Compound
- Z+ZR, IAA, and GAe0
- Outcome
- maximum seed filling rate, seed weight, and mean filling ratee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of Z+ZR, IAA, and GA was positively correlated with the maximum seed filling rate, seed weight, and mean filling rate in middle, superior and lower seeds”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA was negatively correlated with filling rate and seed weight in middle, superior and lower seeds.
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- maximum seed filling rate, seed weight, and mean filling ratee0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of Z+ZR, IAA, and GA was positively correlated with the maximum seed filling rate, seed weight, and mean filling rate in middle, superior and lower seeds, while the ABA was negatively correlated”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA content in inferior seeds was positively correlated with maximum and mean filling rate.
- Organ / stage
- inferior seedse0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- maximum and mean seed filling ratee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ABA content in inferior seeds was positively correlated with the maximum and mean seed filling rate”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SM2 increased dry matter per plant, 100-grain weight, and seed filling rate in semiarid regions.
- Treatment
- SM 2e0
- Outcome
- dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- semiarid regionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In semiarid regions, melatonin treatment of SM 2 and FM 2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
FM2 increased dry matter per plant, 100-grain weight, and seed filling rate in semiarid regions.
- Treatment
- FM 2e0
- Outcome
- dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- semiarid regionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In semiarid regions, melatonin treatment of SM 2 and FM 2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SM2 increased IAA, Z+ZR, and GA contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment of SM 2 and FM 2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
FM2 increased IAA, Z+ZR, and GA contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment of SM 2 and FM 2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SM2 increased ear characteristics and maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment of SM 2 and FM 2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield”
t0“summer maize”
Claim · model-written summary
FM2 increased ear characteristics and maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment of SM 2 and FM 2 significantly increased the dry matter per plant, 100‐grain weight, seed filling rate, IAA, Z+ZR, GA contents, ear characteristics, and maize yield”
t0“summer maize”
The same questions in other papers
melatonin · physiology: hormones · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
melatonin · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →seed treatment · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
149 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
161 papers more in this group
See all 165 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.